先秦遗址出土朱砂的化学鉴定和产地判断方法评述

朱砂作为颜料或墓底铺垫在黄河流域和长江流域的众多先秦考古遗址中都有发现,然而现代朱砂矿藏则主要集中分布在我国的西南地区。因此,先秦时代很可能存在某种形式的广域交换网络,促成了朱砂和其他物品的远距离传播。经过对国内外朱砂产地相关研究方法的评述,可知采用硫同位素和汞同位素相结合的方法对古人可能利用的汞矿的朱砂样本和考古遗址出土的朱砂样本进行采样分析,有望重建先秦朱砂交换网络。     

明清北京通州古城研究

通州是明清时期运河北端漕运枢纽城市。随着漕运的发展,通州城池自明初以来也日益扩展和完善。本文利用文献档案、古地图、实地考察和访谈等多种研究方法研究了通州城垣、护城河以及城内街巷分布和功能区布局,并重点论述了通州城的主要职能。明清通州城的发展演变与漕运有着密切的关系,古城城垣扩展受到仓储职能的较大影响,城池巧妙地利用运河水系集城防与漕运于一体,城市职能随着漕运发展而日渐扩充和完善。明清通州古城集中反映了北京地区的运河文化,是重要的运河文化遗产地,应加以深入研究并实施保护。     

广州榄园岭遗址先民祭祀遗迹的炭屑和植硅体分析

祭祀是先民生活的重要组成部分之一。尽管贵族祭祀活动的研究较多,但平民祭祀遗迹却由于发现较少而难以深入分析。广州榄园岭遗址春秋时期墓葬群中发现了越文化中常见的碎物祭祀坑。本研究对若干墓葬和相关祭祀坑中的填土开展了炭屑和植硅体分析。结果表明,先民在祭祀坑中有意燃烧过植物类祭品;用作祭品的植物种类较杂,包含扇型、棒型、方型或刺球型等植硅体。结合其他遗址中出现的类似现象,榄园岭先民的祭祀活动,应是在因地制宜、就地取材的基础上,吸收了苗蛮文化的因素,同时影响了其他地区。这一发现为探索先秦古人的祭祀行为提供了丰富信息;此外,炭屑和植硅体分析为确定祭祀遗迹提供了新的研究范式。     

Real-Time Dynamic Hybrid Testing Coupling Finite Element and Shaking Table

In this article, a Simulink simulation block with the finite element function is developed on the basis of S-function and implemented as the numerical substructure of real-time dynamic hybrid testing. Thereby, a real-time dynamic hybrid testing system coupling finite element calculation and shaking table testing is achieved. Using the developed system, a shear frame mounted on the soil foundation is tested, in which the shear frame is simulated as the physical model and the foundation is simulated as the finite element model with 132 degrees of freedom. Several cases of the dynamic behavior of soil-structure interaction are studied.     

Fluid effect on hydraulic fracture propagation behavior: a comparison between water and supercritical CO2‐like fluid

The initiation of hydraulic fractures during fluid injection in deep formations can be either engineered or induced unintentionally. Upon injection of CO₂, the pore fluids in deep formations can be changed from oil/saline water to CO₂ or CO₂ dominated. The type of fluid is important not only because the fluid must fracture the rock, but also because rocks saturated with different pore fluids behave differently. We investigated the influence of fluid properties on fracture propagation behavior by using the cohesive zone model in conjunction with a poroelasticity model. Simulation results indicate that the pore pressure fields are very different for different pore fluids even when the initial field conditions and injection schemes (rate and time) are kept the same. Low viscosity fluids with properties of supercritical CO₂ will create relatively thin and much shorter fractures in comparison with fluids exhibiting properties of water under similar injection schemes. Two significant times are recognized during fracture propagation: the time at which a crack ceases opening and the later time point at which a crack ceases propagating. These times are very different for different fluids. Both fluid compressibility and viscosity influence fracture propagation, with viscosity being the more important property. Viscosity can greatly affect hydraulic conductivity and the leak‐off coefficient. This analysis assumes the in‐situ pore fluid and injected fluid are the same and the pore space is 100% saturated by that fluid at the beginning of the simulation.     

评迈内克的“国家理由”研究和马基雅维里的国家权力学说

本文主要评述历史学家迈内克在研究国家理由问题时所表现出的历史道德理想主义特点。正是这种理想主义导致迈内克对马基雅维里国家权力等思想的论述失之偏颇。因此,完整地分析、理解马基雅维里国家权力等思想的结构,这不仅对理解马基雅维里的国家理由观,还对理解学术界的各种国家理由批评有所裨益。     

10世纪前中国西北边疆发展的几个特点

10世纪前的中国西北边疆经历了开拓、稳定和演变等过程,构成了一个相对完整的发展阶段,边疆发展的各种形态与主要特点尽皆呈现。南农北牧既是西北边疆的基本经济形态,也是历史上中原农业王朝与北方游牧民族角逐态势延伸的主要依据;在作为边疆主体的中原或内地王朝、客体的西域地区和旁体的北方游牧民族等三个主要因素的共同作用下,西北边疆的政治地理范围时有伸缩,而多种统治体制并存、边疆问题与民族问题一体化等特点也贯穿于这一时期西北边疆发展的整个过程。     

20世纪博物馆藏品管理的理论与实践

藏品管理的理论研究与实际工作是一个不断实践、不断总结、不断完善的探索过程。20 世纪我国博物馆藏品管理的理论建设与实际工作,已经形成了较完备、系统的理论体系和科学全面的实践工作程序。     

从避暑山庄博物馆藏青花瓷谈其时代特点

本文以避暑山庄博物馆馆藏的青花瓷器为例,分析介绍了清代康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝官窑青花瓷器在造型、釉色、装饰图案及绘画风格等方面的时代特点。