Rotational behavior of degraded traditional mortise-tenon joints: experimental tests and hysteretic model

This article presents the results of an experimental study on the rotational behavior of degraded Chinese traditional mortise-tenon joints with different degradation types and different degradation degrees. Six joint specimens degraded through artificially simulated method, were tested by reversed cyclic loading, from which the moment-rotation curves were obtained. The results indicated that the rotational behavior of these joints is semi-rigid, the hysteretic curve shapes of degraded joints are same to that of joint without degradation. The maximum moment, yield moment, and initial rotational stiffness of degraded joints decreases as the degraded degree increases, whose empirical degradation relationships were obtained based on the test data. A hysteretic model for degraded traditional mortise tenon joints was proposed. Experimental results were used to validate the proposed hysteretic model. Good agreement between predictions and tests was observed.     

制度史研究的视野、路径与旨归——评《当代中国信访制度史》

“治理国家,制度是起根本性、全局性、长远性作用的。”A制度的创立和发展对国家建设以及维持社会秩序具有重要意义。也正因为如此,制度史一直是历史学者关注的一个重要研究领域。近年来,制度史研究的视野进一步拓展,路径进一步丰富,旨归进一步明确。学者们从关注制度本身到探索制度的具体实践形态以及在此过程中错综复杂的互动关系,更为深刻真实地展现了制度演变与实践的逻辑理路,使制度史研究呈现出更为丰富、立体与动态的面向。     

New damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae,Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Zheng, D., Zhang, Q., Nel, A., Jarzembowski, E.A., Zhou, Z., Chang, S.-C. &; Wang, B., May 2016. New damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae, Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Alcheringa XX, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518

Two damselflies, Burmahemiphlebia zhangi gen. et sp. nov. and Palaeodysagrion cretacicus gen. et sp. nov., are described from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Burmahemiphlebia zhangi is the first record of Hemiphlebiidae from this amber, although the family was cosmopolitan during the Mesozoic. It can be readily distinguished from all other members of Hemiphlebiidae in having very short MP and CuA veins, and in its rectangular discoidal cell. The new fossils support the view that hemiphlebiid damselflies were one of the dominant groups of Zygoptera during the Mesozoic. Palaeodysagrion cretacicus is the first dysagrionid damselfly from Burmese amber and the second Mesozoic representative of this predominantly Paleogene group. It differs from other members of Dysagrionidae in having a unique elongate discoidal cell. These new finds increase the diversity of damselflies in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.

Daran Zheng* [dranzheng@gmail.com], Su-Chin Chang [suchin@hku.hk], Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Qingqing Zhang [qqzhang@nigpas.ac.cn], Edmund A. Jarzembowski? [edj@nigpas.ac.cn], Bo Wang? [bowang@nigpas.ac.cn], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; André Nel [anel@mnhn.fr], Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France; Zhicheng Zhou [172692308@qq.com], The PLA Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Ave, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China. *Also affiliated with State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China. ?Also affiliated with Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. ?Also affiliated with Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.     

“古物”概念之辨析

"古物"概念在中国法律中起源颇早,在中华民国时期广泛使用,是我国现行法律"文物"概念的重要来源之一。本文重点对中国历史法律法规中"古物"概念的发展脉络作了细致勾勒,并与现行法律法规中"文物"概念进行比较分析,同时也探讨了世界其他国家法律法规中仍在使用的"古物"概念,认为"古物"作为我国历史上的法律概念,其关于古代文化遗物方面的合理内涵已为"文物"概念所吸收,"文物"概念在此基础有所扩充和发展,更加适合当今形势下文物保护及管理工作的需要。     

从早期蜻蜓眼式玻璃珠的传入看汉以前的中外交通

中国早期的蜻蜓眼式玻璃珠的传入与欧亚大草原和伊朗高原存在着紧密的联系。蜻蜓眼式玻璃珠的传入路线反映了汉以前,中国不仅通过欧亚大草原与地中海一带发生联系,而且与伊朗高原一带亦有紧密的关系。同时,一些学者所认为的蜻蜓眼式玻璃珠从印度首先到达中国南部的云南和经海路商道引进的观点,无论是国内还是国外的考古资料都无法证实西汉前这两条蜻蜓眼式玻播路线的存在。     

从洛阳石刻看匈奴与中原各民族的融合

匈奴是自先秦时代就生活在中国北方的少数民族。秦汉以来,一直与中原处于相互攻伐的状态,直到东汉后才逐渐融合于中华民族的大家庭里。洛阳发现了不少北魏、隋、唐时代的匈奴族石刻,主要包括匈奴呼延氏、赫连氏、斛斯氏和宇文氏等姓氏。石刻资料表明,匈奴族自汉代以后已逐渐融合于华夏大家庭之中,成为华夏民族的重要组成部分。     

三国西晋时期越窑青瓷的生产工艺及相关问题——以上虞尼姑婆山窑址为例

三国西晋的越窑青瓷,品质、器类、装饰皆臻于顶峰。同时,生产工艺也达到极高的水准。文章以尼姑婆山窑址为例,从龙窑与窑具、装饰、成型、修坯、上釉、烧成等多个方面,论述了越窑青瓷的生产工艺,认为装饰、模制成型工艺最能代表当时的水平。这些复杂工艺在东晋以后失传,与北人南迁破坏了当地的制瓷传统,从而导致窑业萎缩的历史背景密切相关。     

汉唐瓜州苦水流域地理环境演变研究

《山海经》记载匠韩之水(即苦水)西流注入罗布泊,经过汉唐的农业开发,苦水流域自然环境变化巨大,首先水源补给不足,中游随着农业开发用水剧增,径流变小,下游开湖造田使湖泊退缩逐渐淹没,最后使这片水草丰美的湖泽消失变成沙漠戈壁。苦水由一条径流很大的河流,变成了涓涓细流河沟,沿线河道已经干枯,流域留下一座座故城和一条条古河道水渠遗址。苦水流域环境的演变是人类数千年不断开垦而不考虑环境承载能力所造成的恶果,给我们今天利用自然留下难忘的教训和警示。     

教育部直属师范大学历史教学论类课程建设的几个问题

2007年国务院决定在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育,学科教学论的地位得到重视,学校对这类课程的要求也进一步提高。以往部属师范大学历史教学论类课程单一,内容庞杂,理论与实践分离,教学效果不理想。《历史教学论》作为一门学科,应该根据授课对象、培养目标、教学内容分解为多门课程,每一门课程集中力量完成师范生培养的某一个方面的任务,以提高教学质量。