小米能否制作面条的实验研究:兼论喇家面条的成分

根据中国西北部喇家遗址出土的面条状遗存,面条的历史被追溯到4000年前。喇家面条被描述为由带壳的小米磨成的粉制成面团并通过反复拉伸或挤压的方法制作而成。为了了解这种面条制作工艺,我们进行了面条试制实验和煮面实验,并记录了面条中的淀粉粒在烹调过程中发生的形态变化。研究表明,纯的粟黍面粉制成的面团不能拉伸成面条,煮过的粟黍淀粉粒形态也与喇家"面条"遗存中的"淀粉粒"不符。我们认为来自喇家"面条"的小米颖壳植硅体及似淀粉粒的颗粒是否来自面条需要进一步研究。     

嘉兴博物馆藏耕图瓷板

嘉兴博物馆藏有清光绪五彩耕图瓷板8块,均采国画勾勒线描线描填色,并配墨书耕诗,诗画合一,意境深远。因其描绘农家耕种的生产场面,又称为“田家乐”或“农家乐”。虽仅是传统耕图中的部分,但作品形象生动、细腻传神地描绘了劳动者耕种的场景和生产过程,起到了普及农业生产知识、推广耕作技术的作用,不失珍贵的耕作资料。     

阿巴嘎旗丹仑土仑遗址调查

锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗汗贝庙东北90公里为伊和高勒苏木所在地沙漠拉计,在其西北约28公里为伊和高勒和巴格高勒两河发源地,当地有一座黄土小山,高约20米,山上有许多黑色玄武岩,故当地蒙古族居民称此山为“哈拉锡勒”,汉语为“黑石山坡”之意。遗址在丹仑土仑(蒙语,“七十个水泉”之意),位于哈拉锡勒东南向阳坡地上,即大河之源、山坡之上及河源两侧。其处有大小石丘分布着,在此山丘间,有当地早年的喇嘛垒石及经文石刻,并立旗杆于垒石上,故遗址所在地被名之为“打其格图”(蒙语“旗杆脑包”之意)。图一丹仑土仑遗址位置示意图遗址周围的自然环境…     

Khumdan为唐长安外来译名的新证

本文以西安新发现北周史君墓中有明确纪年的粟特文与汉文双语对应题刻,证明Khumdan确为长安外来译名“胡姆丹”,是继敦煌粟特文古信札和唐代《大秦景教流行中国碑》中记载后的又一确切证据,针对长期以来关于Khumdan所引发的众说纷纭、歧义杂乱的谜团,作了回答,并对有关文章的推测失考和不符合史实之处进行了商榷。     

"史德"新论

文人与史家的不同并不在于是否具备才、学、识,而在于是否具备史德。章学诚不同于刘知几之处,就在于他不把史识看作最高标准,而是在史识之上又设置了更高的规定,即用史德来约束和规范史识。史德即尊君,心术即名教。章学诚的“史德”是一个封闭性概念,它主要是对史家的职业性要求,最多只涉及到一些对统治伦理的维护和承诺。而“新史德”则是一个开放性范畴,它更多地要求史家对公众和社会承担一种必要的责任。这种责任的内涵不在于轻易认同什么,而在于严肃质疑什么。新史德的本质不是道德,而是道义。     

Tang-Song or Song-Ming: The Significance of a Perspective Shift in Chinese Cultural and Intellectual History

Discussions on the contrast between the Tang and Song dynasties are common in Chinese cultural and intellectual history. Will it make more sense if the continuity between Song and Ming are emphasized instead? This shift in research perspective will have multiple effects. Instead of paying exclusive attention to the elites and classics, we will focus on common knowledge, thoughts, and beliefs. As a result of this shift in the core of our research interests, the process by which ideas and cultural novelties are institutionalized, popularized, and “conventionalized” will become an important focus of historical research. Shifting our concern from the “original thinking“ of the Tang and Song to the “compromise thinking“ of the Song and Ming will cause an increase in the kinds of documents about cultural and intellectual history. Such changes in periodization and research perspective can stimulate fundamental changes in the study of Chinese cultural and intellectual history.     

History,Culture, and Politics: On Historical Formation and Identity Dilemmas of “China”

This lecture is concerned with some historical issues of “China,” “territory,” “culture” and “identity” that are placed against the background of politics, culture and scholarship in contemporary China. I want to draw attention to the question of how historians understand and interpret “China.” It addresses the following questions. First, where did the idea of “China” come from? and how did it become a topic of scholarly research? What kind of dilemmas does “China” confront in its current condition and historical interpretation? Second, how do various new historical theories and methods in international academic circles enrich our understanding of “China”? Third, how does China’s history and reality challenge the theories of “empire” and “nation-state”? Fourth, is it possible to write “East Asian history”? Does “national history” prove still effective in describing China or East Asia?     

论历史学的客观性原则

历史研究的客观性根据是现实批判的理性要求。它完全有别于古代史家所说的“直书”和“实录”。直书之所以不是客观性,就在于它本质上是一种等级性。与此相反,客观性的本质则在于其平等性。历史学之所以可能保持一种客观性原则,就在于它追求一种理想的境界。这一理想境界就是人性、自由与真理。历史学中的种种偏见可以借助人性、自由和真理来克服,同时,人性、自由和真理本身的偏见又可以被历史本身所克服。     

Future Developments in Geographical Agent‐Based Models: Challenges and Opportunities

Despite reaching a point of acceptance as a research tool across the geographical and social sciences, there remain significant methodological challenges for agent‐based models. These include recognizing and simulating emergent phenomena, agent representation, construction of behavioral rules, and calibration and validation. While advances in individual‐level data and computing power have opened up new research avenues, they have also brought with them a new set of challenges. This article reviews some of the challenges that the field has faced, the opportunities available to advance the state‐of‐the‐art, and the outlook for the field over the next decade. We argue that although agent‐based models continue to have enormous promise as a means of developing dynamic spatial simulations, the field needs to fully embrace the potential offered by approaches from machine learning to allow us to fully broaden and deepen our understanding of geographical systems.     

明代中晚期南赣巡抚辖区及职权演变——以广东平远设县争端为中心

明弘治年间朝廷在赣州设立南赣巡抚加强对南岭山区的动乱治理。南赣巡抚下辖跨越四个布政司的广阔巡抚辖区,看起来辖区广阔,职权却为中央限制,施政常受阻碍。嘉靖末年,南赣巡抚为加强动乱治理与拓展施政空间,提议在邻省广东设立新县划入江西赣州府,此举立刻引起广东官员集体反对。虔粤双方此后围绕平远设县事宜展开争夺。以该次设县争端为中心,通过梳理南赣巡抚在明代中后期为了打破施政困局的种种努力,讨论明代中晚期南赣巡抚的巡抚辖区以及职权的演变情况。