满族传统体育项目“绫球”

古代满族人发源于我国的东北，一到冬天白雪盖地，用手把雪攥成球，互相追打，成了儿童们喜爱的游戏。1644年，满族人来到了北京，这里夏秋时间长，冬春时间短，下雪的时间比东北老家要少，儿童们不能经常玩“打雪仗”的游戏了。怎么办呢?聪明的满族妇女想了个办法，用做衣服的剩下来的碎布缝成包，里面装上杂豆，以此代替“雪球”，让孩子们嬉戏。     

Early history of Chinese domestic sheep indicated by ancient DNA analysis of Bronze Age individuals

China has a long history of sheep husbandry, and has several indigenous sheep breeds. However, the exact geographic origin of Chinese domestic sheep remains unclear. To provide valuable genetic information for origin of Chinese domestic sheep, we performed an ancient DNA study on 22 sheep excavated from four Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northern China. Two lineages (A and B) were observed in ancient Chinese sheep, of which lineage A was predominant reaching a frequency of 95.5%. Furthermore, phylogenetic network showed that the most frequent haplotype in ancient sheep was the founder of lineage A. These results suggest that Lineage A may hold the key to understanding the origin of Chinese domestic sheep. Sequence sharing and principal component analysis showed that the ancient Chinese sheep had a close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. However, there was no significant breed structure among three modern Chinese sheep groups, making it difficult to determine their relationship to ancient Chinese sheep. Lastly, our results imply that ancient DNA analysis could provide a new way to investigate prehistoric East-West contact.     

余庆毛氏清朝科举人物考

余庆毛氏入黔已有千年,有科举功名人物记载自清始,据各文献统计,有清一朝,有功名者达百余人,达到余庆县科举人物总数的三分之一以上.他们中为官者造福一方,居乡者为地方乡贤.本文对清朝毛氏取得科举功名人物的考察,至少说明余庆取得功名的毛氏有相当部分是土司后裔,余庆毛氏大批科举人物的出现,表明余庆土司对科举这种国家制度的充分认同.作为地方表率,这一群体维护了地方稳定,推动了地方经济文化发展.     

影印清刻墨印彩绘本《耕织图诗》跋

生民之本,以衣食为天.历代圣王无不以服田力稼,勤劳农桑为先务.故天子三推,皇后亲蚕,率民耕绩,几为万世型.     

《四库全书总目·凡例》笺注

--是书卷帙浩博,为亘古所无.然每进一编,必经亲览,宏纲巨目,悉禀天裁.定千载之是非,决百家之疑似,权衡独运,衮钺斯昭①,睿鉴高深,迥非诸臣管蠡之所及.随时训示,旷若发蒙,八载以来,不能一一殚记,谨录历次恭奉圣谕为一卷,载诸简端,俾共知我皇上稽古右文②,功媲删述③,悬诸日月,昭示方来,与历代官修之本泛称御定者迥不相同.