天禄、獬豸、麒麟考辨--从永陵石兽为"天禄"谈起

永陵“石兽”是保存至今为数极少的北朝陵墓石雕作品。因其雕刻风格古朴简洁、造型奇特怪异,故长期以来难辨其属。本文欲以查阅文献、实地考察和索引旁证相结合的方法,对其所属及其相关问题作一考辨,以求得方家指教。     

Cultivation of Naked Barley by Early Iron Age Agro-pastoralists in Xinjiang,China

ABSTRACT

We report an archaeobotanical analysis of flotation samples taken from Shirenzigou, an Early Iron Age agro-pastoralist site dated between the fourth and first century BC, located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The charred macro-botanical assemblage is dominated by naked barley grains with a few broomcorn and foxtail millet grains. In the context of Trans-Eurasian exchange of cereal crops, southwest Asian crops (wheat and barley) and two Asian millets (broomcorn and foxtail) were introduced to Xinjiang a few centuries to a millennium before Shirenzigou was occupied. The choice of barley cultivation in preference to wheat and millet may have been possibly driven by the relatively extreme local environment and the scheduling requirements of mobile pastoralism. Barley is well suited to this environment, and the choice of naked barley in preference to hulled barley may have been driven by the whole grain tradition prevailing in East Asia.     

Electrical Resistivity Tomography with Angular Separation for Characterization of Burial Mounds in Southern China

The study aims at providing the spatial distribution and potential structure of the burial mounds at the Sifangling site, Hepu Han Tombs, in southern China. We implemented an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique to obtain high‐resolution imaging of archaeological targets, considering the challenging environment and the depth of the burials. Three ERT profiles were tested above a small ancient mound previously detected by exhaustive archaeological drillings, following which 18 ERT profiles with angular separation were performed on the largest mound at the test site, without any a priori archaeological evidence below the surface. Then, a series of two‐dimensional (2D) profiles were combined as a ‘pseudo‐3D’ volume, which allowed a detailed characterization of the burial mound, and iso‐resistivity surfaces were also calculated to emphasize the location and spatial extent of the target. The results gave an effective identification of the funeral chamber and its structural details, and allowed detailed pre‐excavation planning.     

Microstructural and Componential Characterization of the Plating Technology on Chinese Han Dynasty Bronze Fragments

The bronze wares of the Han Dynasty excavated in Chongqing are decorated with plating patterns, maintaining an exquisite lustre right up to modern times after the covering patina is cleared away. In this paper, a plated fragment of the Han Dynasty from the Wushan County Museum was characterized by combining optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the bronze fragment was gilded with a ~ 3 μm thick gilded layer and a ~ 20 μm thick silvered layer. The high concentration of Hg and Hg‐rich intermetallic compounds confirmed the existence of mercury gilding/silvering technology, for example, Au₉Hg in the gilded layer and Ag₁₃Hg₇ in the silvered layer. An ordered stripe structure was observed in the gilded surface, corresponding to the formation of rod‐like, intermetallic Au–Hg compounds. Specifically, a high concentration of Au was detected in the silvered layer. The exploration of gilded/silvered bronze casts light on this ancient technology and the benefit of identifying, protecting and reproducing it.     

2014年全国十家文物艺术品拍卖公司述评

本文以北京保利、中国嘉德、北京匡时、北京翰海、西泠拍卖、中贸圣佳、上海朵云轩、北京诚轩、北京荣宝、北京华辰等十家文物艺术品拍卖公司为样本企业,对2014年中国文物艺术品拍卖市场发展状况进行评述。在大的经济背景下,中国文物艺术品拍卖市场自2012年进入调整,2013年稳中回升,而让人期待的2014年也随着大环境进入了"新常态",在市场规模和     

近代中国主叙事的源起、流变与重构——评李怀印《重构近代中国》

李怀印著《重构近代中国》对于中国近代史主叙事的源起与流变作了较为清晰的梳理,并对主导叙事的政治思潮、时代变迁等作了有一定深度的解析,其研究方法和视角具有启示意义。同时,该著亦难免缺憾。其一,对"学科化"的论述仍未充分展开。其二,将史学史与政治斗争结合起来加以分析,寻绎史学背后的权力斗争脉络,确能发掘被忽视的一些面相;但史学观点之分歧,很难完全归结为权力争夺。且学术思想与权力斗争之间的关联非常微妙,往往不易征实。其三,用"革命"叙事与"现代化"叙事的平行发展与对峙来梳理20世纪的中国近代史书写,遮蔽了"革命"叙事内部的分歧和紧张。有必要进一步追溯至国共两党对于近代历史的认知和叙述,并作"民族革命"叙事与"阶级革命"叙事的分殊。若着眼于"革命"叙事中"阶级"与"民族"两个维度的消长,对中国近代史主叙事的衍变当有更为贴切的解释。     

唐五代格、敕編纂之演變再探

本文分階段探討唐五代之際格、敕編纂的發展特色,認爲唐前期所修是綜合性立法的格,其條文內容與禮密不可分,直至玄宗朝《開元禮》的制作,使修纂較爲便捷的格後敕成爲新的法律形式。貞元、元和之際對《開元禮》和開元制度的繼承,完全轉化爲對開元格後敕的編纂和認定。但歷朝不斷增加的內容以及綜合性立法的性質,致使格後敕的編纂趨向繁冗,所以又制定了以刑法爲主體的《開成格》和《大中刑律統類》,並爲五代所承用,最後因《大周刑統》頒佈而歸於失效。作爲唐代主要法律形式之一的格在北宋前期銷聲匿迹,直至元豐變法纔又以"賞格"的面目出現。與此同時,格後敕在五代易名爲編敕,在北宋前期逐漸析出制度性條文,最終在元豐時成爲單一性刑法規範。     

明朝在西藏的统治地位（英文）

During the historic process that Tibet became an inalienable part of China,the Ming dynasty was one of the important phases.The central government of the Ming dynasty,especially Emperors Hongwu and Yongle paid significant attention to governing Tibet.They not only inherited the Yuan dynasty?s rights in Tibet,but also made some adjustments.     

An Isotopic Perspective on Animal Husbandry at the Xinzhai Site During the Initial Stage of the Legendary Xia Dynasty (2070–1600 BC)

Located in the Central Plains of China, the early Xia Dynasty site of Xinzhai (2050 BC–1750 BC) with large archaeological features and exquisite artifacts of jade and copper is pivotal for probing the origin and formation of Chinese civilisation. Here, stable isotope ratios analysis, supplemented by zooarchaeological results, was used to investigate the exploitation and management of animals utilised by humans. It was demonstrated that a diverse pattern of animal raising and exploitation was present at the Xinzhai site. The domestic pigs were fed with substantial amounts of millets or their byproducts to guarantee a food source for the dietary demands of the humans. Dogs were also found to have consumed large amounts of C₄ protein sources, likely in the form of human food scraps or leftovers. The domestic herbivores, sheep and cattle, showed different dietary characteristics in that the former mainly grazed in the natural environment, while the latter species were fed with large amounts of C₄ products. This intra‐species variation was somewhat related to their physiological characteristics but seems to have been more determined by their different status in social and ritual activities. Thus, this research at Xinzhai provides a glimpse of the organisation of animal resources during the initial formation of Chinese civilisation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陈之佛作品收藏及流传

陈之佛致力于工笔花鸟画创作主要集中在他生命后期的20余年问。自20世纪30年代末到他去世,先后创作了五百余幅工笔花鸟画精品。这批作品究竟敞佚何处,有些可能已经成为永远的秘密。陈之佛大部分工笔花鸟画作品的收藏信息不明确,使我们今天对陈之佛的绘画艺术很难有全面、整体的认识,令人惋惜。