关于南宝力皋吐墓地文化性质的几点思考

南宝力皋吐墓地既含有与小河沿文化、偏堡子类型等周邻文化相对应的成份,又有来自北方尚不确定的一些文化因素,以及自身特点鲜明的陶器群。这种多元文化构成是南宝力皋吐墓地最显著的特征,其独特的文化面貌与已知的考古学文化不同,而是一种尚未被认识的新石器时代文化,拟定名为南宝力皋吐类型。     

試析關於宋孝宗“憎恨”宋高宗的兩條資料

余英時先生用以證明南宋孝宗對高宗潛意識中"憎恨之情"的兩條資料,似都缺乏說服力:第一條徐經孫疏中"家老子"應依《宋史》爲"曾覿"二字之誤,與不意流露憎恨高宗之情無關;第二條孝宗鎖閉"高宗留下寶器圖畫",乃謙虛美德,並非出於對高宗"生前的世界"之"抗拒心理"。     

Phytoliths and microcharcoal at Jinluojia archeological site in middle reaches of Yangtze River indicative of paleoclimate and human activity during the last 3000 years

A variety of phytoliths, together with prolific microcharcoal particles, sponge spicules and diatoms were extracted and identified in four cultural layers from an archeological site at Jinluojia, Macheng, Hubei Province, Central China. The warmth (Iw) and aridity (Iph) indices calculated from grass phytoliths reveal warm and wet periods during the West Zhou, early East Zhou, Tang and Song Dynasties whilst cool and dry periods occurred during the late East Zhou, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The paleoclimate conditions reconstructed on the basis of grass phytoliths extracted from archeological sediments are in agreement with those from natural sediments in the Middle Yangtze region. In contrast, the woody phytoliths show a positive correlation with microcharcoal particles, suggesting an anthropogenic contribution to the woody phytoliths from the use of woody plants for fuel during cooking and heating. Two episodes of the enhanced abundance of woody phytoliths and microcharcoal particles were found to occur at East Zhou Dynasty and from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Present, proposed to be a consequence of the population expansion and/or the frequent wars.     

白兰:吐谷浑王国的光辉坐标

歌于斯,哭于斯,聚国族于斯。——《礼记·檀弓下》从中国的中世纪——魏晋南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元,长达九百余年的汉文史籍中,白兰地名不绝于书,说明了这个古地名深厚的史学底蕴。吐谷浑第二代首领吐延,是吐     

《后汉书·党锢传》太学生“三万余人”质疑

太学生"三万余人"之记载其所以可疑,是因为在当时种种落后的社会物质条件下,对这一庞大人数,太学是绝对无法容纳、管理和进行经学传授的。特别是太学经过考试每年至多百人得以出仕,"三万余人"之出仕,希望极其渺茫,这也大大限制了受"劝以官禄"制度支配而入学者的人数。本文以为桓帝时太学生和西汉一样,只有三千人。《儒林传序》的"至三万余生"当理解为"前后至三万余生",指东汉初至桓帝时太学生总数。《党锢传》"三万余人"当是后人据《儒林传序》误改的。     

从商代东土的人文地理格局谈东夷族群的流动与分化

自二里冈上层文化时期开始的商人东进,在山东境内造成了商与东夷文化的对峙。地理格局的差异,对商人在其东土不同区域的统治方式产生重要影响。商人东进改变了夷人的分布地域、政治结构、经济生活和文化面貌,造成其内部体系的初步分化;加上周人东征,最终造成了淮夷与东夷的分离。     

从口述材料看民国时期的私盐运销——以云南诺邓盐村为个案

在中国封建社会中,食盐一直是国家的专卖的垄断商品。然而,私盐运销却一直屡禁不止,成效微弱。在下层社会,私盐运销曾是特定群体的一种谋生方式与手段,从事这种活动与国家的法规是相违背的,它的内部运行相当隐蔽,鲜为人知。研究盐业史的学者较少运用口述史的材料,从下层的观点来看待这一问题。本文主要以田野调查资料为主,以云南诺邓井盐村的私盐活动为个案,从民俗学视角来研究诺邓村不同形式的私盐运销形式,以及形成的一些约定俗成的规矩。本文涉及的个案是云南省云龙县果朗乡诺邓村,一个有千余年历史的盐村。唐代樊绰的《云南志》记载:“…     

多学科研究与新时期中国马克思主义史学的发展

新时期历史研究采用多学科理论与方法的讨论与实践经历了借助自然科学方法研究的尝试和讨论、计量与比较方法及心理学理论等被引入史学并得到初步运用、人文与社会科学多种学科理论与方法渗透于历史研究三个阶段。学者在探讨马克思主义唯物史观指导与运用多学科方法的关系方面,取得丰硕的理论成果,并在运用多学科理论与方法的实践中取得丰硕的研究成果。     

Accurate identification of the pastry contained in a ceramic pot excavated from Jurou Li's grave from the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 ce) in Xi'an,Shaanxi, China

In order to identify accurately the circular object contained in the ceramic pot excavated from Jurou Li's grave of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 ce ) in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, mass spectrometry was applied to determine the amino acid sequences of the residual proteins extracted from the sample, after preliminary starch grain analysis. The sequences were searched against a standard protein sequence database. The proteins extracted were identified as originating from domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare), soybean (Glycine max), and fermentative microorganisms (Kluyveromyces lactis, Lipomyces starkeyi, Wickerhamomyces ciferrii, Nadsonia fulvescens and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii). These findings indicate that the extremely degraded object in the ceramic pot was made from barley by fermentation with the addition of soy sauce, providing direct evidence of culinary culture in the Jin dynasty.