High Medieval Monasteries as Communities of Practice: Approaching Monastic Learning Through Letters

The theme of learning in high medieval monasteries can be approached by analysing such contexts as “communities of practice” on the basis of preserved monastic letters and letter‐collections. The letters' propagandistic function makes it extremely interesting to analyse the ways in which they represent learning in order to serve different purposes: to attract people to a monastery, to offer advice to members of monastic communities, and even to intervene in the debate that opposed monastic to secular and scholastic modes of study. Moreover, epistolary sources offer insights into the complex dynamics of social interactions within the monastery, in particular the plurality of learning agents and the reciprocal nature of learning exchanges. Therefore, this approach can offer a valuable contribution to the study of learning as a shared and dialectical process, which takes place through social interaction within a heterogeneous community. In addition, it helps to understand the way in which learning is linked to the shaping of identities, both individual and communal, because it affects and transforms the reciprocal social roles of the members of a monastic community.     

论抗战后期中国共产党政权诉求的演变

抗战后期,国共两党的力量、作用和影响等出现了明显有利于中国共产党的变化,中国共产党开始向国民党提出分配中央政府权力的要求.对此,学术界一直都集中于研究"联合政府"主张.而在实际上,共产党对组建独立政府也进行了充分的酝酿和准备.这两种政权诉求有着不同的特点、影响和利弊,但都否定了国民党一党专政的国家政权,是互相配合、互相支持的关系.共产党经过一番取舍,最终对这两种政权诉求进行融合,使联合政府主张增添了具有指导性的组建独立政府的内容,成为对新民主主义政权的重要探索.     

马尔科姆·X的早期思想轨迹

马尔科姆·X的早期思想主要是指他在黑人穆斯林期间的思想,比较偏颇、极端、激进和不切实际,其早期的黑人民族主义其实就是旧式的移民主义,基本上是一种“对外移民”、“内部建国”和“心理移民”的混合体。但把它放到当时的历史时空和语境下来看,也理应得到我们的理解乃至同情。     

A new early Silurian brachiopod genus,Thulatrypa, from Norway and South China,and its palaeobiogeographical significance

Huang, B., Baarli, B.G., Zhan, R.B. & Rong, J.Y., October 2015. A new early Silurian brachiopod genus, Thulatrypa, from Norway and South China, and its palaeobiogeographical significance. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

The smooth atrypoid brachiopod Thulatrypa gen. nov. incorporates two species, a younger (T. gregaria) from Norway, and an older (T. orientalis) from South China, which collectively span the middle Rhuddanian through Aeronian. In Baltica, the genus thrived just below the storm wave base in a tropical BA4 setting extending slightly into BA3 and BA5 respectively, whereas in South China, its representative occurs in a much shallower assemblage (BA2–3). Their palaeobiogeographical implications are carefully investigated. This study supports the arguments that Thulatrypa may have originated in South China in the middle Rhuddanian and extended its range to eastern Baltica in the late Rhuddanian. Larvae may have drifted along a channel from the east to the southwest of Baltica, which supports the reconstructions of palaeocurrents in the early Silurian in previous palaeogeographical studies.

Bing Huang [bhuang@nigpas.ac.cn], Ren-bin Zhan [rbzhan@nigpas.ac.cn] and Jia-yu Rong [jyrong@nigpas.ac.cn], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; B. Gudveig Baarli [gudveig.baarli@williams.edu], Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.     

潼南大佛保护与修复研究

2010年至2012年,中国文化遗产研究院承担了大型贴金彩绘摩崖石刻造像潼南大佛的保护修复工程。本次工程不仅利用了多种分析检测及三维扫描技术,对文物的历史及病害信息进行了详细调研,还对造像妆銮和传统修复工艺进行了深入研究,总结了古代髹漆贴金工艺的装饰与保护功效,以及历代传统修复所用材料及工艺的优势。并在本次工程中将调研结果与现代科学修复理念、技术有效结合,取得了较满意的修复效果。     

汉阳陵地下博物馆遗址表面硫酸钙(CaSO4·2H2O)形成原因探析

汉阳陵地下博物馆是我国首个遗址保存在恒温恒湿环境的博物馆,但遗址表面仍然析出了硫酸钙(CaSO_4·2H_2O)。本研究通过对汉阳陵13号坑封闭展厅内环境温湿度、土壤蒸发量、遗址本体及地下水可溶盐的长期监测分析硫酸钙(CaSO_4·2H_2O)产生原因。结果表明,13号坑环境湿度长期保持100%,由于遗址表面温度高于露点温度,空气中水分子在土壤表面不能转化为液态水返回到土壤中,而随着土壤水分蒸发遗址表面土壤溶液浓度逐渐增大,溶液中离子相互发生反应在遗址表面析出白色的硫酸钙。     

鲁潜墓志及其相关问题

1998年在河南安阳县出土了一块后赵建武十一年(公元345年)的墓志。作者对墓主鲁潜的身世进行了考释,并据志文对魏武帝陵的方位加以推测。     

中国中东部新石器中晚期玉文化遗址分布的时空特征

新石器中晚期(8000～3000a B.P.)玉器从石器中分出形成相对独立的玉文化.玉文化遗址是玉文化保留至今的载体,本文通过田野考古资料结合陆地卫星遥感图像分析技术探讨我国中东部各流域玉文化遗址的时空分布特征,得出如下结论:(1)玉文化扩散包括扩展扩散和迁移扩散两种形式;(2)玉文化扩散具有纬度扩散性、经度扩散性和垂...     

罗马教廷与商人关系的历史考察

学术界一般认为,中古教会因其抑商而成为西欧社会转型的障碍。但从长时段的现实经济生活层面看,实情要远为复杂。即如教廷与商人的关系而言,在中古时代更多的是相互利用,商人为教廷服务,后者则提供保护。到近代早期,教廷变为依赖商人借贷生活,商人则通过教廷的这种依赖,最后跻身于教会贵族的行列。商人银行家集团在教廷中的兴起为资本主义的兴起与社会转型提供了极为有利的社会文化环境。在西欧社会转型过程中,天主教更多的是被迫去适应现实经济社会发展的普遍趋势。