“主客”对乡村文化记忆空间的感知维度及影响效应——以苏州金庭镇为例

乡村旅游地的文化认同是重塑和振兴乡村文化的重要前提。基于文化记忆和地方感构建居民和游客对乡村文化记忆空间的感知模型,以苏州金庭镇为例进行验证。结果表明：在时间、空间、文化和情感维度上主、客存在差异,时间维度上游客高于居民,其余维度居民表现更为强烈。感知效应主、客在时间上表现出令自己回想起过去的人和事,了解文化延续性;空间上为游客旅行带来深刻印象,与居民生活关系不紧密;文化上承载着地方历史文化,提升乡村旅游文化氛围;情感上在归属感、自豪感、文化自信及价值追求具有一致性。     

20世纪50～70年代中国西北地区重工业化道路的选择与反思

西北地区由于历史的、环境的、经济的因素,依靠国家政策、资金的投入,形成了重工业化结构。西北地区重工业化道路经历了20世纪三四十年代重工业奠基、新中国计划经济模式下重工业化的进一步发展、国防指向下的再次重工业化等几个发展阶段。西北地区矿产资源优势与重工业布局使西北五省区形成了嵌入型、跳跃式发展的重工业化结构,对西北五省区工业经济的发展产生了深远的影响。     

“自下而上”:当代中国农村社会研究的社会史视角

从互助组到人民公社体制结束,是一个前后相继、不可割裂的时代。从"自下而上"的社会史角度对此进行研究,可以纠正以往研究的缺失,丰富我们对新中国历史的认识。中国社会史研究应当引入到现当代史的研究,这亦是社会史研究应有的社会关怀。     

清代地权交易形式的多样化发展

There were three kinds of financial transactions involving rights of land during the Qing Dynasty: debt financing through rights of land, the direct transferring of the rights of land, and the transaction of shares. This article attempts to clarify the confusion between several types of debt financing through rights of land. Ya 押 was loan through land as guaranty and repaying the interest and capital by the rent of land or harvest. Dian 典 was loan through temporary transferring of usage rights and harvest in a certain period of time. Dang 当 referred to various types of loans which involved the rights of land. Di 抵 meant using a certain portion of land right as repayment of debt. Similar with modern financial methods, these financial transactions in the Qing Dynasty allowed peasants to preserve their possessive rights over the land and also satisfied their financial needs. The direct transactions of rights of land and repayment of debt by harvest included juemai 绝卖 (finalized sale of land), huomai 活卖 (not finalized sale of land), dianquan dingtui 佃权顶退 (sell or purchase tenancy), zhaojia 找价 (price add-on after transaction), and huishu 回赎 (redemption). The main purpose of these transactions was to protect the land proprietors as far as possible. Share transaction and co-tenancy of land also appeared in the Qing Dynasty. Such diverse financial transactions not only were substitutes of modern financing tools which allowed peasants to weather financial hardship, but also promoted the changing ownership of land which further encouraged the combination of different production elements and reallocation of resources in the land market. This paper is the research result of the National Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project “Market of land rights and the evolution of its system, 1650–1950.”     

画楼金簪锁云鬓——中国国家博物馆藏明益庄王妃万氏金簪赏析

1958年,江西南城长塘街明益庄王朱厚烨墓的发掘将许多珍稀文物呈现在世人眼前,其中最令人叹为观止的莫过于那些用纯金打造的头饰,璀璨耀眼,熠熠生辉,表现出大明王朝富足的物质生活和能工巧匠的高超技艺,充满时代气息。墓主朱厚烨,为明宪宗朱见深第四子、益端王朱祜槟的嫡长子。明代将皇子皇孙分封各地作藩王,     

古陶瓷纹饰琐谈——八仙的故事

说起“八仙”,每个人都能说出吕洞宾、张果老、铁拐李等几个耳熟能详的名字来,“八仙”对于中国人来说是非常熟悉的神仙了,关于他们的传说也是如数家珍。     

满族研究的民族学新作--评《满族--辽宁新宾县腰站村调查》

中国民族村寨调查丛书已由云南大学出版社陆续出版了。这套丛书的出版为民族研究工作提供了崭新的调查资料,更有利于民族部门了解民族的社会现状和发展趋势,以便制定相应的民族政策,使中国的民族工作更上一层楼,走在世界的前列。     

近50年来我国的美国黑人史研究

中国学近50年来对美国黑人史的研究可分为三个时期。20世纪50—70年代,美国黑人史研究在中国成为一个研究热点,取得一批重要成果,但不可避免带有政治化的倾向。80年代,黑人史研究略显沉寂,处于承上启下阶段。90年代以来,取得很大的进展,研究的领域和深度都有所拓展和深入。但总的看来,我国的美国黑人史研究还远未成熟,尚处于起步和奠基阶段。     

Ageing,Poverty and the Role of a Social Pension in Vietnam

Using the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey in 2004, this article seeks to quantify the potential role and impacts of a social pension scheme for reducing elderly poverty in Vietnam. The authors simulate changes in the poverty rate, poverty gap and poverty severity of the elderly in the counterfactual situation that such a scheme had been introduced to Vietnam in the past. They consider a number of categorical targeting groups of elderly people along with various transfer parameters to assess the impacts of the scheme on social welfare. They conclude that, depending on the characteristics of the social pension, there would be beneficial poverty reductions, but also large leakages to the non‐poor people. For a variety of measures, the results suggest that targeting the elderly in rural areas might be the most effective use of limited resources. Simulations for different budgetary constraints show that, even with limited budgeting, a social pension scheme would significantly reduce poverty incidence for the elderly. Furthermore, for a given programme cost, combining lower benefits with lower eligibility requirements is more effective at reducing poverty than providing larger benefits to a more limited group of recipients.