鲁北—胶东盐业考古调查记

本文通过对鲁北莱州湾和胶东半岛16个县市和出有盔形器的遗址进行了调查,对盔形器的形态演变、分布区域、使用功能等进行了初步研究,并与国内外有关遗址和类似器物作了比较分析,确认菜州湾沿海包含大量盔形器的遗址是商周时期的制盐作坊,而盔形器则是制盐的特殊用具.     

试论随州金鸡岭遗址新石器时代窑址群

金鸡岭遗址窑址群是目前长江中游发现的屈家岭文化时期数量最多、形制最丰富、分布最为集中的窑址群。陶窑从形态特征看有圆形窑、长条形分室窑、长方形馒头窑三种类型,其中长条形分室窑似龙窑结构在长江流域是首次发现,为我国早期龙窑的起源提供了极为重要的研究资料。窑址附近发现的非正常死亡的人骨架可能与窑址奠基或祭祀仪式有关。该窑址群时代为屈家岭文化时期。     

纺织品文物回潮操作机理初探

纺织品纤维所含有的亲水基团是纺织品文物吸湿回潮处理的前提。纤维回潮后塑性变形能力增加,进而可借助一定技术条件对糟朽、干燥脆弱织物进行保护修复处理。在操作完成后,纤维内部分子链被重新排列,所吸收的水分会逐渐释放出来,直到与外界保存环境保持平衡。在此过程中形成的新的次级化学键将阻止纤维内部被重排的分子链回到回潮前的状态,这就使得纺织品文物回潮后的处理效果得以保存。     

李重夏与“土门”、图们“两江说”

19世纪末,朝鲜王朝向清王朝提出穆克登碑文所标示的界河"土门"不是图们江,而是海兰河(后来改为黄花松沟子),中朝两国应以"土门"分界。为此,双方进行了两次界务谈判。谈判中,朝鲜李重夏虽然坚决主张"土门"非今图们江的"两江说",但其实知晓这一观点是错误的。界务谈判后,李重夏以"别单"形式几次撰文上奏政府,阐述了他对"两江说"的真实看法,论证了"土门"即图们江、图们江自朝鲜王朝初年就已是中朝两国界河的史实,揭露了"两江说"的策划者是鱼允中,被朝鲜称为"分界江"的布尔哈通河与现实界河毫不相关等。     

从现代“文字画”及“图画文字”看中国文字起源之途

学术界有关中国文字起源的时代及其途径说法甚多。现代文盲与半文盲所作的现代＂文字画＂为我们提供了十分生动的例证。一位基本不识字的老太太所作的＂黑网吧图＂属于＂文字画＂,早期识字不多的军旅作家高玉宝所作＂入党申请书＂似可视为＂文字画＂与正式文字过渡阶段的作品＂图画文字＂。在这个阶段,假借字是早期文字诞生过程中必不可少的重要环节,在文字的诞生过程中,假借字与本字几乎是同时出现的,不是像传统所说的假借字的出现在本字之后。把这些现代＂文字画＂与新石器晚期及纳西族东巴文中＂文字画＂和早期文字相比较,可帮助我们判断早期汉字产生的途径以及汉字正式产生的参照系。     

中国女真族的领土意识初探

早在女真族初步形成之时,居住于朝鲜半岛北部的西女真和东女真就将家园视为中国之内的封境。高丽北进,女真则失去了大片土地。辽朝末年,为保卫家园,女真人在曷懒甸(今咸兴平原)大败高丽军。在朝鲜王朝占领半岛东北部以后,女真首领王可仁、佟景再三提醒明成祖,朝鲜所占之地乃是女真人的旧土,但由于彼时明朝君臣对该地历史的不确知,十处女真居地被送与朝鲜。     

弘扬人文精神编纂文献志

文献志编纂由来已久,当代编文献志是激活传统的文征、文献志体。文献志全面记述一地各类有历史价值或参考价值的图书资料编纂出版情况,内容以艺文志为主,同时涵盖自然、经济、政治、社会、科学技术等方面的著述文献。参照现代文献分类,可分为哲学社会科学类文献,基本要素11小类;自然科学类文献,基本要素9小类。省级志书文献志还应该设置综合性图书类,直接分为丛书,百科全书、类书,辞典,论文集、全集、选集、杂著,年鉴,期刊、连续性出版物,图书目录、文摘、索引等7小类,主要是编目录,撰提要,录原文。     

Comparison of three K-feldspar luminescence dating methods for Holocene samples

The luminescence dating of the K-feldspar fraction is an alternative way for samples that cannot yield reasonable equivalent dose (D_e) from quartz fraction with very weak luminescence signal. For testing the reliability of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating of K-feldspar, luminescence dating was applied to quartz and K-feldspar fractions respectively for several Holocene samples in this study. K-feldspar apparent ages using routine single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol, K-feldspar ages using g value correction method and ages from isochron dating method were compared with quartz ages. It is found that the g value correction method cannot give reliable ages due to the large errors induced during measurements. The isochron dating method is effective to the sample with problematically external dose rate. However, isochron dating may introduce a relatively greater error during grain sizes — D_e curve fitting, therefore this method could obtain low-resolution ages for Holocene samples. Even K-feldspar apparent age from routine SAR protocol is relatively younger by about 10% than the quartz age, it still could establish reasonable chronological framework for Holocene samples.     

Impact Stiffness of the Contact-Element Models for the Pounding Analysis of Highway Bridges: Experimental Evaluation

For the requirement of pounding analysis of highway bridges, how to properly choose the impact stiffness has become a primary issue for an achieving accurate result. This article presents an evaluation test of the impact stiffness of four types of contact-element models based on the shaking table test results of a steel highway bridge model. The analytical results indicate that the theoretical impact parameters are significantly larger than the identified values because the assumptions for deriving those models cannot match the actual impact conditions. The possible reasons causing those differences are discussed at the end of this study.     

Firing temperature of a clay core sample in a bronze tripod from Daxinzhuang Site in China using TL techniques

In this paper, we studied the thermal history of a clay core sample from one leg of a bronze tripod unearthed at Daxinzhuang Site, Shandong, China. The properties of the luminescence signals of quartz depend on the maximum temperature at which the quartz was annealed in the past. We examined the feasibility of measuring the thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity change of quartz for exploring the firing temperature of archaeological materials. The sensitization factor of the 110°C TL peak (S₂/S₁) and the ratio of the 210°C TL peak to the 110°C TL peak at different annealing temperatures were utilized to unveil the firing temperature in the clay core sample. The firing temperature of the clay core sample was approximately 700°C–800°C, proving the clay core has been fired. This result proved that the clay core has been fired by human agencies and indicated on the temperature of the clay core in drying and firing given by the foundry workers before the actual casting step.