高技术条件下的人类、战争与环境--以1991年海湾战争为例

科技进步和军事变革互为条件、共同发展。战争作为“流血的政治”,其根本属性并没有随着科技进步而改变。它不仅是人类社会内部的严重冲突,更是特定生态系统中人与环境的对立。与以往的战争模式相比,高技术战争看似“人道”,却凸显出人与环境之关系更趋紧张的态势。以1991年海湾战争为例,战争双方滥用科技带来的破坏,几乎超出了自然环境的自我恢复能力和人类重建家园能力。无论联军还是伊军,都是环境的破坏者,他们连同平民一起又是环境破坏后果的最终承担者。从人与环境的关系入手审视高技术战争,使我们看到了现有的战争伦理的局限性。     

汪伪统治时期的师资述评：以江苏省为中心

汪伪国民政府成立后,为配合日本对沦陷区的侵占,建立起了系统的奴化教育体制。在教育体制中,教师处于重要的地位。为了确保教师不致流失,伪教育机关专门制订了改善教师待遇及提高教师教学水平的诸项政策。汪伪政权的自身性质,决定了实行这些政策的最终目的都在于确保沦陷区教师为其“奴化教育”服务。     

老吾之老:明代官吏养亲问题探论

明代继承历史上官吏任职的地域回避制度,绝大多数官吏为官之地都远离家乡,由此造成"为官"和"养亲"之间的难以兼顾.在"以孝致忠"的政治文化背景下,二者之间的两难必须予以解决.移亲就养、分俸养亲和辞官终养三种措施就是明代官吏解决养亲问题的主要办法.     

粤东地区考古学文化与环境的互动

粤东地区全新世的考古学文化具有鲜明的地方特色,不同时间的古文化在文化面貌和生计方式上存在着明显差别。本文在分析粤东地区汉以前区域气候波动和海平面升降的基础上,探讨了该地区不同考古学文化聚落形态的特点以及人地之间相互作用的过程。     

蓬莱两艘古船船材、淤泥及水主要离子的测试研究

为做好蓬莱小海2005年新出土三艘古船的脱水保护工作,采集了2．3号船的船材、两船之间地下水、船下淤泥和近海海水样品,委托山东省分析测试中心检测了样品中主要离子的含量。检测结果表明,木材和淤泥中的主要离子含量远远高于海水和地下水中的;木材腐朽的程度愈严重,其离子量含量也愈大。测试数据和方法对今后古船脱盐和脱水工作有一定的指导意义。     

《四库全书》本胡曾《咏史诗》的文献价值

《四库全书》所收南宋人胡元质重新编排注释的胡曾《咏史诗》,在今天看来至少具有三方面的文献价值,一可用以校勘文字,二可资以辑录佚文,三可据以推断某些古籍的亡佚时代。     

Modernization And Adjustment： Case Study Of Kham Village

When talking about Tibetans, people naturally think about Tibet （Tibet Autonomous Region, which will be referred to as TAR in the following text）, but seldom realize that the Tibetan region extends far past the borders of Tibet. Based on Tibetan historical and cui tural differences, the Tibetan region of China can be divided into three major sections： Kham （khams）, Amdo and Weizang（dbus-gtsang）. Nowadays, as a result of administrative divisions, the Tibetan region belongs to different administrative areas in five provinces. Weizang includes most of today＇s Tibet Autono- mous region. Kham and Amdo are both historical conceptions, Kham lying to the east of Weizang and Amdo to the northwest. Kham and Amdo are divided into different administrative areas. Kham includes today＇s Chamdo Autonomous Prefecture （TAR）, Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture and part of Aba Autonomous prefecture （Ganzi and Aba both belong to Sichuan Province）,     

北京的民俗与民族

北京自古以来是各族人民杂居散居的地区,近千年来女真族,契丹族,蒙古族,满族又在这里相继建立地方政权和全国政权,因此京味化和京味民俗与北京历史分不开,与当前居民的民族结构分不开,与国内外的化交流分不开,本从民俗角度阐述各族人民对北京发展的贡献,说明伟大的祖国是各族人民共同缔造的一事实。     

Sourcing copper ores for production of bronzes excavated at Shuangyantang,a Western Zhou (1046–771 <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">bc</Emphasis>) site in Chongqing (Southwest China): evidence from lead isotope analysis

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and lead isotope analyses were applied to 12 Western Zhou (1046–771 bc) bronzes unearthed from the Shuangyantang site in Wushan County, Chongqing (southwest China), to investigate their chemical compositions and possible mineral source(s). The results showed that (1) the investigated bronzes were mostly bronzes with low, common lead and (2) their lead isotopic values almost all fall into a relatively narrow range, suggesting possibly the use of raw materials from a common copper mine. The comparison between lead isotopic values for Shuangyantang bronzes and those already published for copper mines and other bronzes produced and used about at the same times leads us to believe that the Shuangyantang bronzes probably used the same copper ores as used in bronzes from the Peng and Jin states in Shanxi Province. However, it would not be possible at this point to come up with a clear idea of where exactly these copper ores may come from. Candidate copper mines might be the Tonglvshan mines in Hubei Province, the Zhongtiaoshan mines in Shanxi Province, or the Dajing copper mines in Inner Mongolia.