Sequential, Bayesian Geostatistics: A Principled Method for Large Data Sets

The principled statistical application of Gaussian random field models used in geostatistics has historically been limited to data sets of a small size. This limitation is imposed by the requirement to store and invert the covariance matrix of all the samples to obtain a predictive distribution at unsampled locations, or to use likelihood-based covariance estimation. Various ad hoc approaches to solve this problem have been adopted, such as selecting a neighborhood region and/or a small number of observations to use in the kriging process, but these have no sound theoretical basis and it is unclear what information is being lost. In this article, we present a Bayesian method for estimating the posterior mean and covariance structures of a Gaussian random field using a sequential estimation algorithm. By imposing sparsity in a well-defined framework, the algorithm retains a subset of " basis vectors " that best represent the " true " posterior Gaussian random field model in the relative entropy sense. This allows a principled treatment of Gaussian random field models on very large data sets. The method is particularly appropriate when the Gaussian random field model is regarded as a latent variable model, which may be nonlinearly related to the observations. We show the application of the sequential, sparse Bayesian estimation in Gaussian random field models and discuss its merits and drawbacks.     

岩画断代研究——科技考古学领域中一个亟待解决的问题

探索和研究表明,岩画断代问题仍然是困扰岩画研究的难题之一,其主要原因是岩画本身不能够提供可供断代的直接依据。本文综述了目前岩画断代研究中经常使用的自然科学和考古学方法及其存在的问题,提出应用AMS14C是今后研究我国岩绘画断代问题的首选方法,解决岩刻画的断代问题则主要有赖于微腐蚀方法。     

"大跃进"和国民经济调整时期的陈云经济思想及其意义

陈云在"大跃进"和国民经济调整时期提出了丰富的经济思想,这些思想是其以综合平衡为核心的经济发展理论和以"三个主体、三个补充"为基本内容的经济体制构想的充实和发展,不但对当时克服严重经济困难的决策发挥了巨大作用,也为新时期的经济体制改革奠定了一定的思想基础.     

从九种《皇朝经世文编》看晚清自然科学认知的变迁

本文以九种<皇朝经世文编>为史料依据,考察近代科学知识从西方输入时,晚清社会大众如何进行文化和知识架构的调整,以试图认识近代科学的本质,形成自己对近代科学的认知体系的过程.     

论抗美援朝战争的国内宣传工作

抗美援朝战争期间,我国对反对美国侵略、保卫和平及抗美援朝必要性进行了广泛宣传,后来随着形势发展转变为对支援抗美援朝战争和争取战争胜利进行的宣传。这一时期我国国内宣传工作的特点是:建立覆盖党内党外和城市乡村的宣传网;用社论和时评指导运动;赋予爱国主义具体、可行、人性的内涵。抗美援朝战争时期的国内宣传工作不仅进行了成功的经济建设动员和战争动员,也成功地诠释了民族精神和马克思主义思想意识,掀起了建国后第一次爱国主义高潮,不仅帮助中国取得了抗美援朝战争的伟大胜利,而且稳固了新政权,保证了各项社会改革、经济重建工作的顺利进行,极大地提高了民族自信心和凝聚力。     

Searching for Yiong Tibetan Knifes

Ten Hours＇ Road Travel for Only Fifty-Five Kilometers Staff from the Information Office of Pome County informed us that Yiong Town produced a special Tibetan knife. This kind of knife has beautiful color patterns zigzagging along the edge of the knife. Therefore, the knife is also referred to as the ＂rainbow knife＂. It is handmade in a tradition inherited from local ancestors several generations ago. It can be referred to as a Yiong specialty. Desiring to have a look, we decided to drive to Yiong. Although staff from the Information Office of Pome County tried several times to make a phone call via satellite, there was no response which meant no guide or interpreter to lead us, so we had to be selfsufficient. Nevertheless, the attraction of such a fascinating knife lured a team of photographers consisting of five persons to set off together to search for the rainbow knife.     

作为交往方式的七夕乞巧——广州市珠村乞巧节俗调查报告

在广州天河区的珠村一带的诸村落,乞巧节中“摆七娘”和“睇七娘”的传统源远流长。传统中的七夕乞巧为村落及宗族间姓氏的流动建构了媒介和文化空间,而它在现代的变迁实际上打破了区域社会内部的交往,使其通过文化展演的形式唤起群众的地方感,同时带有一种对商业回报的诉求。笔者于2007、2008年先后三次对珠村进行田野调查,较为全面地记录了传统与现代乞巧节的情况,并通过对这些田野资料进行初步分析,观照七夕乞巧活动中联村仪式的特性,以及其现代形态中新的文化内涵。     

原金陵大学老校园建筑考

通过认真仔细地对国内资料的分析对比,以及对国外多方面资料的重新查找,梳理出了一个比较清晰的原金陵大学校园建设概况,并总结出一些近代史研究的经验,以期为今后的研究提供借鉴。     

中国谋求打开对欧关系的努力

20世纪60年代初,随着国际形势的变化,特别是中苏关系的破裂,中国在对外关系方面做出重大调整,重点是谋求打开对欧关系。为此,中国在公共关系、经济和政治外交等领域积极展开活动。总的来说,中国在上述领域所做的努力是有成效的,特别是中法关系正常化标志着中国对欧外交的一个重大突破。但也要看到,中欧关系总体上依然发展缓慢,这主要是由于大多数西欧国家仍不能摆脱美国的控制来发展对华关系造成的。     

Phytolith evidence for hearths and beds in the late Mousterian occupations of Esquilleu cave (Cantabria,Spain)

Esquilleu cave site has provided a moderately well preserved archaeological cave deposit from the Late Pleistocene in the Cantabrian area. Phytolith quantification, identification and determination of the refractive index have been carried out, together with FTIR analyses, from sediment samples collected in the profile. The comparison of the data obtained with the previous micromorphological results allows us to make inferences about the site formation processes and the Neanderthals use of the cave. Phytolith results show the presence of grass leaves nearby the hearth suggesting the repetitive existence of a bedding zone on the same area. Neanderthal behavioral patterns should be revised on the light of high resolution analyses, since diagenetic processes can obscure the existence of differentiated activity areas in the site.