《古今图书集成》版本考

《古今图书集成》编制过程留世档案很少,所以许多细节问题多有待考证,另外由于卷帙浩繁,出版印刷时间较长,各图书馆在著录版本和出版印刷时问等细节上,也常有错误之处。特别是最近国内外《古今图书集成》零本的高价拍卖,使了解此书版本情况的读者日益增多。本文经过多方考察并且对照各版次实物进行了详细的考证。纠正了许多常见的错误。     

英国与1915年《海峡协定》

1915海峡协定是英国战时外交的产物。出于对德战争的需要,英国向俄国承诺战后根据俄国的意愿解决海峡问题,但这绝非是英国单方面的让步,也并没有改变英国传统的“帝国防御战略”。英国在做出让步的同时,不仅最大限度地实现了自己在中近东地区的利益要求,还为在这一地区获得进一步的补偿保留了充分的余地。《海峡协定》签订后,列强开始了对奥斯曼帝国领土的全面瓜分。     

(Homo)sex in the City Only? Finding Continuity and Change in the Gay Past

Books reviewed in this article: Glenn Burger and Steven F. Kruger (eds), Queering the Middle Ages John Howard, Men Like That: A Southern Queer History Stephen O. Murray, Homosexualities     

老吾之老:明代官吏养亲问题探论

明代继承历史上官吏任职的地域回避制度,绝大多数官吏为官之地都远离家乡,由此造成"为官"和"养亲"之间的难以兼顾.在"以孝致忠"的政治文化背景下,二者之间的两难必须予以解决.移亲就养、分俸养亲和辞官终养三种措施就是明代官吏解决养亲问题的主要办法.     

依旧是“客人”：印度加尔各答客家人认同的重塑

从奥兰多·帕特森的种族定义入手,探讨加尔各答客家人种族认同的构成,就加尔各答客家人而言,有三个因素对确立和维持其认同具有重要意义：即国家和民族政治、不同种族从事不同职业的分层制经济和东道国以“洁”与“不洁”之间的象征性对立为基础的宗教制度。种族、种姓、语言和宗教是维持种族认同的几个重要因素。种族认同会随着条件的变化而发生转变,由于职业、教育和政治环境迥然不同,客家人其认同轨道会截然不同。     

蓬莱两艘古船船材、淤泥及水主要离子的测试研究

为做好蓬莱小海2005年新出土三艘古船的脱水保护工作,采集了2．3号船的船材、两船之间地下水、船下淤泥和近海海水样品,委托山东省分析测试中心检测了样品中主要离子的含量。检测结果表明,木材和淤泥中的主要离子含量远远高于海水和地下水中的;木材腐朽的程度愈严重,其离子量含量也愈大。测试数据和方法对今后古船脱盐和脱水工作有一定的指导意义。     

藤村小说代表作中的成长主题

《破戒》、《春》、《家》三部小说是藤村连续创作而成,是藤村最有力的社会写实作品。它们的基本倾向,与其说是自然主义的,毋宁说是现实主义的。而这现实主义的成就除了社会批判的基本方向外,还有青年一代成长问题的方向,在这个方向上,藤村不避毁誉,努力开掘,提出了一系列事关人类命运的主题,把日本近代文学推向了纵深的领域,揭开了日本式成长小说的诗篇,为艺术地再现反封建斗争和个性解放运动的日本式特征做出了卓越贡献。     

《四库全书》本胡曾《咏史诗》的文献价值

《四库全书》所收南宋人胡元质重新编排注释的胡曾《咏史诗》,在今天看来至少具有三方面的文献价值,一可用以校勘文字,二可资以辑录佚文,三可据以推断某些古籍的亡佚时代。     

Phytolith-rich layers from the Late Bronze and Iron Ages at Tel Dor (Israel): mode of formation and archaeological significance

The presence of many phytolith-rich layers in late Bronze and Iron Age deposits at Tel Dor, Israel, are indicative of specific locations where plants were concentrated. Detailed studies of six of these phytolith-rich layers and associated sediments from Tel Dor show that the phytoliths were derived mainly from wild and domestic grasses. The most common domestic grass was the cereal Triticum aestivum (bread wheat). Three of these layers have a microlaminated microstructure, associated dung spherulites and phosphate nodules; characteristics that all point to the phytolith-rich layers having formed from dung in animal enclosures. In two of the layers, the microlaminated structure is absent while dung spherulites and phosphate nodules are present, suggesting that these too originate from dung that was not deposited in an enclosure. The sixth layer is microlaminated but does not contain spherulites. We thus cannot suggest a parsimonious explanation of its observed properties. Concentrations of burnt phytoliths are present in three locations, implying that dung was either burnt in situ or the ashes from burnt dung were redeposited. The transformation of dung accumulations into phytolith-rich layers involves a loss of organic material and hence a significant reduction in sediment volume, which is clearly apparent in the stratigraphy of some of the locations examined. The volume reduction can be observed in the macrostratigraphy and has important implications with regard to macrostratigraphic interpretation. The presence of abundant phytolith-rich layers on the tell has significant implications for the concept of ‘urbanism’ during these periods.