张家界市博物馆明代铜佛像的多视角影像三维重建探索

由于多视角影像三维重建具有数据采集方便灵活、硬件成本低、操作简单、自动化程度高的特点,因此,选用多视角影像三维重建技术对张家界市博物馆明代铜佛像进行三维建模。通过描述佛像立面与空心底部的影像采集,再应用Agisoft PhotoScan软件进行三维重建的过程;从控制点的三维坐标与误差数值、模型成像与影像图的误差分析,得出佛像三维模型的精度误差微小的结论,证明该技术具有操作简单、模型成像清晰的特点。与三维激光扫描技术相比较,多视角影像三维重建技术具有成本费用低、工作流程高效简捷的优势,更适合在文物工作中推广运用。     

1953—1960年安徽农业"三改"研究

1953—1960年安徽农业"三改"是由省委自上而下发起的一场农业生产改革运动,是当代安徽史上的大事件,影响很大.省委初衷是为粮食增产,"三改"初期因地制宜,取得显著成效,留下宝贵经验,必须肯定.但"三改"采取层层摊派任务的做法,后期政治化倾向明显,以致留下沉痛历史教训,需要深刻反思.     

Former Nazi Officers in the Near East: German Military Advisors in Syria, 1949–56

In the early days of the Cold War, Syria was the first Arab country where former officers of the German Wehrmacht played an active role as military advisors. This was due, in part, to the fact that Germany was not burdened by its past political relations to Arab states for, in contrast to the Western powers, Germany which had never had territorial ambitions in the Near East. Even in the very early stages, German advisors contributed considerably to the development of Syria's armed forces and military intelligence. The advisory activities of German experts became even more intensive as a result of increased trade between the two countries; however, in 1956 the political situation in Syria worsened and the country began moving towards the Eastern Bloc putting an end to the non-official activities of German military advisors.     

参与性收藏的理论探析与思考

参与性收藏是近些年来西方一些博物馆基于"记录今天"理念而新兴的收藏。从收藏的角度,参与性收藏是博物馆通过主题策划与活动设计,组织社会公众携相关物件加入博物馆收藏,并成为馆藏的一部分,以参与的方式将公众与博物馆物品、内容、语境联系起来,其主题多与当下社会发展、生产生活方式变迁等相关,方式上突破传统收藏相对单一、封闭的模式,具有流动、共享、多元、充满活力的特点。从藏品内涵上,具有"记录今天""关注日常""突出藏品与人的关联"等特点,丰富了博物馆藏品的内涵与外延,这是对传统收藏的丰富与推进。在参与性收藏的视野下,航海类博物馆收藏具有更深广的创新空间。     

论刘向对《战国策》的部属归类

刘向作为《战国策》的编定者,对该书总体性质的形成有着深刻的影响。以往质疑刘向部属归类的讨论,未能在此前提之下进行讨论。由此,论者往往过度聚焦于书中具体篇章所体现的子书色彩,却游离了最应着力审视的全书总体性质。事实上,通过审视该书编辑体例、编辑目的,以及刘向对其在部属归类上的斟酌取舍,不难得出《战国策》总体性质是史料汇编类文献的结论。概言之,刘向对《战国策》的部属归类是合理的。这也展现了一代文献学大家卓越的专业眼光。     

成功刻画特定历史环境的人物形象——《史记》列传历史编纂成就析论

司马迁记述人物的成就有诸多方面,其中"成功地刻画特定历史环境的人物形象"尤其值得我们深入总结和大力阐释。《伍子胥列传》、《魏公子列传》、《袁盎晁错列传》等名篇,不仅展现了这些人物生动感人的性格、神采,而且深刻地反映出他们所处的不同时代的特点,因而为我们提供了撰写历史人物传记的成功典范。我们要认真借鉴《史记》的成功经验,努力实现对传统史学精华的创造性转化和创新性发展,不断探求在当今历史书写中如何做到既能生动地刻画人物的活动、性格、气质,又能凸显其所处的时代特点,从而有效地克服历史著作平淡乏味的缺陷,使我们撰写的史书更能受到大众的欢迎。     

Fluid mixing induced by hydrothermal activity in the ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin,China

Permian hydrothermal activity in the Tarim Basin may have been responsible for the invasion of hot brines into Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. Studies have been undertaken to explain the origin and geochemical characteristics of the diagenetic fluid present during this hydrothermal event although there is no consensus on it. We present a genetic model resulting from the study of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope values and fluid inclusions (FIs) from fracture‐ and vug‐filling calcite, saddle dolomite, fluorite, barite, quartz, and anhydrite from Ordovician outcrops in northwest (NW) Tarim Basin and subsurface cores in Central Tarim Basin. The presence of hydrothermal fluid was confirmed by minerals with fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures being >10°C higher than the paleo‐formation burial temperatures both in the NW Tarim and in the Central Tarim areas. The mixing of hot (>200°C), high‐salinity (>24 wt% NaCl), ⁸⁷Sr‐rich (up to 0.7104) hydrothermal fluid with cool (60–100°C), low‐salinity (0 to 3.5 wt% NaCl), also ⁸⁷Sr‐rich (up to 0.7010) meteoric water in the Ordovician unit was supported by the salinity of fluid inclusions, and δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic values of the diagenetic minerals. Up‐migrated hydrothermal fluids from the deeper Cambrian strata may have contributed to the hot brine with high sulfate concentrations which promoted thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in the Ordovician, resulting in the formation of ¹²C‐rich (δ¹³C as low as ?13.8‰) calcite and ³⁴S‐rich (δ³⁴S values from 21.4‰ to 29.7‰) H₂S, pyrite, and elemental sulfur. Hydrothermal fluid mixing with fresh water in Ordovician strata in Tarim Basin was facilitated by deep‐seated faults and up‐reaching faults due to the pervasive Permian magmatic activity. Collectively, fluid mixing, hydrothermal dolomitization, TSR, and faulting may have locally dissolved the host carbonates and increased the reservoir porosity and permeability, which has significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration.     

贵州少数民族传统生态理念初探

生态问题是当前政府和学术界都十分关注和重视的问题,也是关乎当今和子孙后代生存发展的重大问题。贵州的世居少数民族在漫长的社会、生产、生活的实践中,形成了本民族的生态知识和传统生态理念。本文着重从贵州少数民族的传统生态理念:和谐理念、保护理念、风水理念等方面进行论述。     

陕西子洲出土商代青铜容器铸造工艺观察分析

2010年11月,陕西省子洲县裴家湾镇关王岔村出土了6件青铜容器,包括尊、瓿、盘、觚、鼎、提梁卣各1件。本文通过对铜器上遗留的工艺痕迹进行肉眼观察,对铜器的铸型设计、芯撑情况、浇注位置等铸造工艺环节以及铸后加工的细节进行了初步的判断和复原,指出该批铜器的铸造工艺与安阳出土的殷墟前期同类器物基本相同,这一结果对认识和揭示这批青铜器的学术价值具有重要的意义。     

朝贡制度与东亚地区传统国际秩序——以16-19世纪的明清王朝为中心

东亚地区传统国际秩序应称"封贡体系"较为周全。封贡关系的要义在于"事大"与"字小"。从中国明清王朝与朝鲜、琉球、越南等属国关系看,朝贡制度也是双边贸易、文化交流、边疆管控以及司法合作的基本机制,而在属国遭遇国家安全危机时,作为"上国"的明清王朝也积极进行政治外交和军事上的援救行动。不过,朝贡制度旨在建立"上国"与"属国"之间的主从关系,各个"属国"之间并没有围绕"上国"而形成合作联盟。因此,它在近代难以抗衡运用条约体系的西方列强以及日本在东亚地区的扩张。