考古地层的三维建模方法在秦始皇帝陵考古勘探中应用尝试

为了更清楚地展示秦始皇帝陵地区考古地层的三维空间关系,并为后期考古工作中空间数据挖掘做准备,借鉴三维地质建模技术,提出了考古地层三维建模方法。基于探孔数据构建了考古地层三维模型。该模型清楚地展示了秦始皇帝陵地区考古地层的三维空间关系,为田野考古数字化工作提供一种新思路、新方法。     

薄荷醇提取秦俑坑出土彩绘遗迹的性能评估研究

薄荷醇作为新型的考古发掘现场临时固型提取材料,已经在秦俑一号坑的考古工地上得到了成功应用,但是关于薄荷醇实施提取的安全性能评估还需要深入研究。本实验开展了薄荷醇在秦俑一号坑考古发掘现场的遗迹(土壤和彩绘漆皮)上的实验室性能评估;采用压汞法研究了薄荷醇处理前后秦俑土颗粒的孔隙结构变化;采用超景深三维视频显微镜考察了薄荷醇施加并挥发过程中秦俑土和彩绘漆皮的显微结构变化;采用GC-MS分析了薄荷醇的残留;对薄荷醇挥发过程中在文物遗迹基底上的再结晶现象进行了讨论。研究结果表明,薄荷醇提取遗迹后不会破坏秦俑土的物理结构,彩绘漆皮形貌完好,作为考古发掘现场遗迹提取材料,薄荷醇在出土秦俑彩绘遗迹上使用时是安全的。     

基于海量点云数据的大雁塔三维重建

古建筑三维重建已成为历史遗迹保护与修复的重要内容。为了探讨三维激光扫描数据的获取流程、数据处理方法,以三维激光扫描获取的大雁塔海量点云数据为例,研究了古建筑三维重建中点云数据获取与处理的详细过程。联合Cyclone、AutoCAD和3D-Max软件的优点构建了大雁塔真实的横面、剖面、立面模型,其中重点研究了海量点云数据在Cyclone软件中分块建模的方法。结果表明:将拼接好的大雁塔海量点云数据分块建模,不仅加快了数据处理的速度,而且符合精度要求。在点云数据拼接时采用标靶拼接和同名点拼接相结合及测站间两两拼接之后再整体拟合平差的方法,减少了拼接中的误差,使每站拼接误差都不超过3cm。在建模过程中的墙体拟合是上万个点云经过平差计算得到,精度高达2mm。最后在3D-Max软件中组合、渲染和贴图,真实地构建了大雁塔三维立体模型。为古建筑数字化存档和后期的修缮工作提供了重要的依据。     

四川大学博物馆部分馆藏线装书病害调查与研究

四川大学博物馆馆藏书籍档案数量多、时间久、价值丰富。但历经长时间的保存后,出现了不同程度的病害,亟需科学的保护修复。为此,本次研究首先对该馆线装书的病害情况进行了抽样调查;在不破坏文物的基础上,利用无损或微损分析技术,包括酸度计、光学显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜-能谱分析仪等,对样品进行分析研究。调查发现,这些线装书均存在不同程度的虫蛀、霉害、受潮、污染、断裂、脆化等病害。分析研究结果表明,这些馆藏线装书的纸张原料以竹纤维和草纤维为主,亦有添加麻纤维、韧皮纤维以改善其机械性能;CaCO_3的存在能有效减缓纸张的酸化;纸张原料中CaCO_3等碱性物质的缺乏、霉菌的滋生、Fe等金属元素的混入等可能是造成部分纸张酸化的原因。     

读者·作者·编者:三重维度下的胡适与《新青年》

对于胡适与《新青年》杂志的关系,可以用读者、作者、编者这三重维度的形式提拎出来.作为读者,胡适最大程度地激活、激励了《新青年》的主撰者;作为作者,胡适以其学贯中西的文化,开辟、开创了一个时代的思想格局;作为编者,胡适引领、引渡了20世纪中国的现代性走向.鉴于此,我们简直无法再用以上“三者”的关系概括和总结胡适对新文化运动的贡献.胡适的“三者”固化为一个词,那就是青年导师.无论是作为读者,还是作者,抑或编者,胡适都在一个链条上牵引着“青年运动的方向”.     

Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill? A Low-Cost and Time-Efficient Molehill Survey of the Lost Medieval Harbor Site of Monnikerede,Belgium

Grasslands pose a particular problem for archaeological survey involving artifact assessment, as no material is plowed up to the surface. Although finds in molehills are often the only source of information available on sites with such low visibility, an archaeology of molehills has thus far been largely disregarded. Yet, by applying a low-cost and time-efficient methodology, both the potential and the pitfalls of molehill archaeology come to the forefront. At the medieval harbor site of Monnikerede, it was possible to assess material culture and to locate certain structural elements. However, when artifact densities were compared with the underlying geophysical anomalies, a more complex relationship appeared at the level of individual features.     

Thermal and Petrographic Characterization of Herculaneum Wall Plasters

Roman plasters sampled from different houses at the archaeological site of Herculaneum, Italy, (2010–12) were studied by means of petrography, thermal analysis and X‐ray fluorescence. Herculaneum plasters are composed by preparatory layers (arriccio) with a thickness of several centimetres and are based on a calcitic binder and volcanic scoriae as aggregates, covered by a thin final layer characterized by a low granulometry. Most of the sampled plasters can be placed into two groups based on the aggregate composition and classified as marmorino or intonachino. However, a similar aggregate composition did not induce superimposable thermal behaviour, thus suggesting that the samples underwent different ageing/weathering processes, with a consequent change of the ratio among the components.     

Radon Predictions with Geographical Information System Covariates: From Spatial Sampling to Modeling

Radon (Rn) is a potentially toxic gas in soil which may affect human health. Assessing Rn levels in soil gas usually requires enormous efforts in terms of time and costs, since the sampling protocol is very complex. In most cases, the variable under study is sparsely sampled over the domain and this could affect the reliability of the spatial predictions. For this reason, it is useful to incorporate, into the estimation procedure, some auxiliary variables, correlated with the in soil gas Rn concentrations (primary variable) and more densely available over the domain. On the basis of this latter aspect, it is even better if the covariates are derived from a geographical information system (GIS). In this article, the Rn sampling protocol used during a measurement campaign planned over a risk area is described and the process of deriving GIS covariates considered as secondary information for predicting the primary variable is clarified. Then, multivariate modeling and prediction of the Rn concentrations over the domain of interest are discussed and a comparative study regarding the performance of the prediction procedures is presented. Rn prone areas are also analyzed with respect to urban and school density. All these aspects can clearly support decisions on environmental and human safeguard.     

美国建国初期妇女在印刷文化中的参与及其意义

美国革命后,印刷文化得到极大发展,各类印刷品的发行和流通遍及城乡各地。其间妇女话题的不断出现、女性读者的迅速增长以及女性作者的积极参与,成为这一时期印刷文化的一个显著特征。妇女在印刷文化中的参与不仅体现出社会上新的妇女观念的出现,更表明女性开始从传统的私人领域走向开放的公共领域,从而使这一时期美国的公共生活呈现出新的面貌。     

耿直人格下的情绪和个性扩张——论刘辰翁的文学思想

宋末江西文人刘辰翁以耿直名,他具有江西文人的个性特点。同为江西籍文人,他继宋代欧阳修、杨万里以及其他江西诗派文人而来,并具有江西地域文化性格。同时因处于改朝换代和蒙古族入主的特殊历史时期,其个性更被扩张,他抒发对旧朝的哀怨和新朝的不平之怒,情绪激烈。这造成了其文学创作和文学鉴赏的不一致,其诗词创作有情真与自然的特色,而其文学鉴赏和主张则务求艰涩尖新。然而其实这些都是统一于其耿直的人格特点下,他继承江西大儒欧阳守道之学,表面上畔于圣人之道,实际则是一个有真性情和个性,坚持自我的儒士。