全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5386篇 |
免费 | 301篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 123篇 |
2019年 | 141篇 |
2018年 | 272篇 |
2017年 | 233篇 |
2016年 | 253篇 |
2015年 | 181篇 |
2014年 | 183篇 |
2013年 | 1430篇 |
2012年 | 164篇 |
2011年 | 174篇 |
2010年 | 161篇 |
2009年 | 138篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 121篇 |
2006年 | 92篇 |
2005年 | 72篇 |
2004年 | 54篇 |
2003年 | 61篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 87篇 |
2000年 | 65篇 |
1999年 | 71篇 |
1998年 | 58篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 48篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 50篇 |
1983年 | 53篇 |
1982年 | 53篇 |
1981年 | 46篇 |
1980年 | 40篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 39篇 |
1977年 | 43篇 |
1976年 | 36篇 |
1974年 | 38篇 |
1971年 | 22篇 |
1970年 | 26篇 |
排序方式: 共有5687条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Amílcar E. Challú 《Colonial Latin American Review》2013,22(3):400-421
The Real Pragmática of 1765 of Free Grain Trade was one of the most influential events in eighteenth century Spanish political and economic history? But was it influential in the Americas? Despite the abundant scholarship on the Bourbon reforms, we do not know much about the application of the Pragmática or more broadly about policies that affected domestic grain trade in the Americas. In this article I argue that the Pragmática was influential in increasing the participation of the viceroy in matters of wholesale and regional grain trade. Such changes in policies as applied in New Spain involved both pragmatism and a centralization of power, rather than a dogmatic support for free trade policies or a staunch support of traditional doctrines. In this I believe that New Spain did not differ from contemporary Western European countries, in which free trade was constantly being negotiated between different actors and authorities of various levels. 相似文献
992.
Mónica Díaz 《Colonial Latin American Review》2013,22(2):235-258
This article examines the manner in which the caciques (noble Indians) and principales (Indian notables) from the Oaxaca region in New Spain adopted a ‘legal rhetoric’ in their quest to open a convent for noble Indian women during the eighteenth century. Through a close reading of the legal documentation produced in the petition for the convent for indigenous women in Antequera, I find that the caciques strategically used the same laws that had placed them in a subordinated place in the social hierarchy of the colony in order to negotiate certain rights and privileges. Aware of their belonging to the legally determined category of ‘Indians,’ indigenous peoples from the Valley of Oaxaca appealed specifically to the laws that had granted them a special judicial place in the colonial scheme. By referencing the Recopilación de las leyes de las Indias and several royal decrees (cédulas), the caciques appealed to colonial officials at a key historical moment, when Bourbon reforms sought to modernize all institutions, including the Catholic Church. 相似文献
993.
Roberto Valcárcel Rojas Alice V. M. Samson Menno L. P. Hoogland 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2013,17(1):18-39
Indo-Hispanic interaction is an essential issue in the colonial period in the Caribbean, but its study is currently marginalized as an offshoot of pre-Columbian archaeology. This state of affairs denies the indigenous contribution to the past and present ethnocultural composition of the region and privileges a colonial approach in scholarship. This paper reviews important aspects of the history of archaeological research on contact and colonial interaction in the Greater Antilles and its theoretical underpinnings. It also presents two recent archaeological case studies that show different facets of the interaction processes using new methodological approaches: El Cabo, Dominican Republic, with evidence of early contact, and El Chorro de Maíta, Cuba, a context of interethnic interaction under colonial conditions. 相似文献
994.
Margarita Vilar-Rodríguez 《European Review of History》2013,20(3):427-443
This article focuses on the idea that intervention in the labour market through the suspension of labour rights and freedoms, fear and a fall in purchasing power all played a key role in achieving political and economic objectives in the regimes of Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin. However, in each of these cases, the success of this policy was not as had been expected. These European experiences were essential for the configuration of the labour framework in the Franco dictatorship. The iron-fisted control of the labour market came to Spain through legal texts and institutions that were in many cases a blatant copy of those applied in Italy and Germany. In spite of the ideological distance between them, we can also find some common traits with Stalin's labour policies. The results obtained were even worse for Spain, and the negative effects on the economy were more serious, due to the greater longevity of the Spanish dictatorship. 相似文献
995.
Robert S. C. Gordon 《Modern Italy》2013,18(2):167-188
The article examines the first official, national Holocaust memorial day in Italy, the so-called Giorno della memoria (Day of memory), marked on the 56th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz on 27 January 2001. It looks at the ways in which the day acted as a filter for issues of national collective memory and identity, in particular state and public negotiation of the legacy of Fascism, as well as addressing broader issues of Holocaust remembrance. The article looks first at the origins of the Giorno della memoria in political and in legislative terms. Then it sketches in the events of the day itself, at national and local levels, in political, educational and cultural terms. This is followed by an analysis of media coverage and contemporary commentary, showing how various lines of interpretation addressed general issues related to the Holocaust and specifically Italian historical, ideological and contemporary questions. 相似文献
996.
Robert S. C. Gordon 《Modern Italy》2013,18(1):87-99
This article offers an account of a recent debate in the cultural pages of the Italian press on a polemical work of literary criticism entitled Pasolini contro Calvino, in which the two authors are shown to represent emblematically different attitudes towards literature, cultural institutions and the culture industry in post‐war Italy. The debate surrounding this claim is examined in substance, but also as an illustration of the workings of culture in 1990s Italy. 相似文献
997.
Oisín Keohane 《Nations & Nationalism》2013,19(2):317-336
This article argues against the dominant Anglophone and Francophone interpretation of Fichte, which reads him as advancing either a form of ethnic or cultural nationalism. It claims that what is missing from the current reception of Fichte is the essentially philosophical and cosmopolitan character of his nationalism – the fact that the Addresses to the German Nation uses non‐empirical and cosmopolitical concepts to develop and articulate its nationalistic viewpoint. It therefore claims that the notion of a national philosophical idiom that the Addresses present, far from being a screen for its nationalism, is its driving engine. It does this by considering the problems of translating the German locution ist unsers Geschlechts. Consequently, it is claimed that the cosmo‐nationalism of Fichte is not reducible to a set of claims regarding ethnicity or even the empirical world, even if a discourse on the organismic, on what counts as life, irreducibly haunts the Addresses. 相似文献
998.
999.
M. FRISENDA M. MASSA D. SPALLAROSSA G. FERRETTI C. EVA 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(1):23-40
Northwestern Italian weak-motion data were used to study attenuation characteristics of horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) and horizontal peak ground velocity (PGV) from earthquakes of local magnitudes (M l ) up to 5.1. Data have been provided by the RSNI (Regional seismic network of Northwestern Italy) and RSLG (Regional seismic network of Lunigiana-Garfagnana) waveform database. The database consists of more than 14000 horizontal components recorded in the period 1999-2002 by both broadband and enlarged band seismometers. The accuracy of the procedure used to extract PGA values from the velocity recordings was verified comparing observed and derived PGA values at station STV2, which was equipped with both a temporary K2 Kinemctrtcs accelerometer and Guralp CMG40 broadband sensor. The attenuation of both peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity was found to be logarithmically distributed with a strong attenuation for low distances (less than 50 km) and low M l values (<3.0). The resulting equations are: Log(PGA)=?3.19+0.87M?0.042M 2?1.92 Log(R)+0.249S, Log(PGA)=?4.23+0.76M?0.018M2?1.56 Log(R)+0.230S, where PGA is expressed in g, PGV is expressed in m/s, M is local magnitude, R is the hypocentral distance in kilometers and S is a dummy variable assuming values of 0 and 1 for rock and soil respectively. For increasing distance and magnitude, both PGA and PGV values show a linear distribution. The validity range of the obtained attenuation relationships is 0–200 km for distances and M l up to 4.5. Sensitivity studies performed by analysis of residuals, showed that predicted PGA and PGV values are stable with respect to reasonable variations of the model and distances providing the data. Comparisons with attenuation relationships proposed for Italian region, derived from strong motion records, are also presented. 相似文献
1000.
Benedikt Halldórsson Símon Ólafsson Ragnar Sigbjörnsson 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(3):343-370
The two Mw 6.5 earthquakes on June 17 and 21, 2000, respectively, in the populated South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) significantly augmented the Icelandic database of strong ground motions, and several strong velocity pulses were recorded at near-fault sites. The strong motions are interpreted via the Specific Barrier Model (SBM) and a mathematical model of near-fault velocity pulses. The data indicates self-similar source scaling and significantly greater attenuation of seismic waves than in other interplate regions. Through inversion of the data a new attenuation function for the SISZ has been adopted, which results in unbiased simulations. For the first time, the characteristics of the recorded near-fault pulses have been identified and compared to the worldwide database of such records. The SBM and the near-fault pulse model combine naturally in a fast and efficient synthesis of realistic, broad-band strong ground motions in the far-fault and near-fault region. Such simulations are showcased for the June 2000 earthquakes and indicate that the modeling approach adopted in this study is an effective tool for the estimation of realistic earthquake ground motions in the SISZ. 相似文献