Ethnic Inequalities in the Public Sector: A Comparative Analysis

This article uses empirical data to discuss the links between ethnicity, inequality and governance in a framework that divides countries according to their levels of ethnic polarization. It makes three main arguments. First, types of diversity, not the existence of diversity per se, explain potentials for conflict or cohesion in multiethnic societies. Ethnic cleavages are configured differently in different social structures and are less conflictual in some countries than in others. Second, relative balance has been achieved in the public sectors of countries that are highly fragmented or those with ethnicity‐sensitive policies, but not in those with ethnicity‐blind policies. Third, the article is critical of institutional approaches to conflict management that underplay background conditions in shaping choices. Consociational arrangements may not be relevant in unipolar ethnic settings or fragmented multiethnic societies, where governments may be ethnically inclusive under democratic conditions. They seem unavoidable in ethnic settings with two or three main groups or in settings with strong ethnic/regional clusters.     

Computational Comparison of Five Maximal Covering Models for Locating Ambulances

This article categorizes existing maximum coverage optimization models for locating ambulances based on whether the models incorporate uncertainty about (1) ambulance availability and (2) response times. Data from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada are used to test five different models, using the approximate hypercube model to compare solution quality between models. The basic maximum covering model, which ignores these two sources of uncertainty, generates solutions that perform far worse than those generated by more sophisticated models. For a specified number of ambulances, a model that incorporates both sources of uncertainty generates a configuration that covers up to 26% more of the demand than the configuration produced by the basic model.     

Wills,deeds, acts: women's civic gift-giving in Ottoman Istanbul

The waqf (plural awqaf) is the Islamic pious endowment founded for charitable purposes. The Ottoman waqf, especially between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, became a gift-giving practice of solidarity in which women played an active role in founding and maintaining endowments as benefactors. These endowments served almost exclusively civic public services. While there has been considerable research on women and waqf, by moving beyond interpreting the ostensible motives that are always intertwined with women's role as ‘family caretakers’ or ‘devout Muslims’, we attempt to suggest that, interpreted as acts of piety, awqaf, and especially those that were founded as organized spaces known as külliyes, became institutions by which women were able to cultivate (in themselves and others) civic identities, and articulate civic solidarities as citizens of their cities. This image of women as civic gift-givers recasts them as active citizens of Ottoman cities, especially Istanbul.     

襄樊邓城黄家村遗址2005年西区周代灰坑发掘简报

2005年,在襄樊邓城城址东侧的黄家村遗址清理出灰坑14座,出土较多的陶器,器类主要有鬲、(觑)、盆、盂、豆、罐等,其时代为西周晚期至春秋早期,文化面貌具有典型的中原周文化风格,灰坑所在的村落遗址属邓国文化遗存.     

柬埔寨华侨华人的历史与现状

柬埔寨是一个多民族国家 ,全国有 2 0多个民族。高棉族是柬埔寨的主体民族 ,约占其总人口的 80 %。华侨华人是当今柬埔寨仅次于高棉族及越侨和越南人的第三大民族集团 ,总人数约3 0— 5 0万人。华侨华人移居柬埔寨已有上千年的历史。他们不但是中柬友谊的使者 ,而且为柬埔寨社会经济的发展作出了重大贡献。然而 ,由于各方面的原因 ,人们对柬埔寨华侨华人的情况特别是近况知之甚少。本文拟在评价柬埔寨华侨华人基本情况的基础上 ,着重对世纪之交柬埔寨政府的华侨华人政策及华侨华人面临的发展机遇和挑战做些分析     

Convergence Is Not Equality

Despite the fall in global income inequality in the last two decades, levels of living among individuals in the world are still very different and are likely to remain so for a very long time. The uneven rate of decline in inequality and growth volatility in commodity‐dependent countries suggest that there is no reason to believe that global inequality will continue to fall until it reaches acceptably low levels. Global disparities in incomes and welfare, especially in social protection, are at the heart of the problem of migration and populism in Western democracies in recent years. They bring out in bold relief the lack of fit between claims of global convergence and people's perceptions on incomes and well‐being between the global North and South. In this regard, it is more realistic to talk about ‘multiple geographies of 21^st century development’ than a ‘one world’ or single geography of global development. Issues of power, and the way global and national relationships and rules allocate advantages and disadvantages, or promote convergence and divergence, between and within countries, need to be front and centre in the discussion on global convergence.     

Rendering responsible,provoking desire: women and home in squatter/slum renewal projects in the Turkish context

This article is situated at the intersection of urban restructuring, cultural conservatism and neoliberalism in the Turkish context to understand the new subject formations of poor women as they are relocated to high-rise apartment blocks in slum/squatter renewal projects by the prospect of homeownership via long-term mortgage loans. It contributes by showing the gendered effects of urban transformation on poor women as neoliberalism and conservatism interact. It draws upon two ethnographic studies that reveal women’s experiences embedded both in neoliberalism and patriarchy. In neoliberalism, women’s participation in the informal job market was promoted as they were made responsible for contributing to mortgage payments, and they were brought into consumption as they were provoked the desire for good homes via furnishing, and in patriarchy, women’s traditional roles in social reproduction were demanded in spite of their new roles and responsibilities. The study ponders women’s differentiated negotiations with patriarchy which resisted radical challenges when the family and the home framed women’s new responsibilities and desires. The rising conservatism rooted in Islam in Turkey, which prioritizes the family over individual women, created the conditions for it.     

中国人口寿命的时间变化和区域差异

本文论述了我国人口平均预期寿命的时间变化和区域差异,分析了我国"百岁寿星"的地理分布态势,提出了防治老年性疾病和艾滋病、增进延年益寿的积极意义。建国后,我国人口寿命的年度变化可分为快速增长和平缓增长两个时期,在区域差异上有明显的城乡差异,东、西部地区之间和民族地区之间的差异也比较明显。     

试论房地产估价信息系统化及其实现

本文通过对当今时代发展趋势和房地产估价发展现状分析,提出信息系统化是房地产估价发展的新方向;以房地产价格学、信息系统学和计量地理学为基础,阐述房地产估价信息系统化基本概念及目标体系;提出估价信息系统化实现的基本思路、主要方法和关键问题。