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国际河流的经济、社会、生态等多重属性使之成为重要的地缘政治议题。现实主义和制度主义分析容易陷入“领域陷阱”,难以充分呈现中微观层面的多元主体互动以及权力结构和自然要素的相互塑造过程。本文在政治地理学辩证性和关系性的思维基础上,介绍“水—社会领域”概念框架的基本特征及其在国际河流治理中的运用。该框架从权力—空间关系的视角出发,包含多元尺度、多维空间、关系网络和领域建构等分析维度。研究认为,国际河流治理是领域(再)生产的过程,水资源是治理过程不可分割的组成部分,自然与社会具有相互建构的辩证关系。将政治地理学的核心概念“领域”运用于水治理研究中,重新建构本体论和认识论,对国际河流治理的地缘关系解析具有独特的地理学价值和意义。 相似文献
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在全球化与知识经济时代的双重背景下,人才尤其是高端人才已然成为衡量区域创新能力与经济发展水平的重要指标,其空间分布与流动趋势开始引起学术界的关注。基于人才履历大数据,应用履历分析、社会网络分析与修正型复合指标划分方法,对长三角地区企业经营管理人才空间分布及其流动网络进行了探究。结果表明:①企业经营管理人才空间分布具有明显地域差异,主要集中于沿海沿江地区,且空间集聚态势日益强化;②企业经营管理人才流动网络结构层级显著,网络链接空间上呈“Z”型分布;人才流动整体呈现出低流动性、“一主四副”结构、集中性、均衡性、极核交互与邻域渗透、跨区域性6大特征;③结合流动方向与活跃程度划分出四种人才流动地域类型,总体呈“破碎化”特征。为合理制定城市人才政策、促进区域高质量一体化发展提供科学借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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AbstractThe way visitors to a new city wayfind in the digital era has been given less research attention than might be expected. The main aim of this study is to examine differences in wayfinding strategies between three groups of participants who used different navigational aids: a group with a paper map, a group with the Google Maps app, and a group relying on local signage only. Methods included GPS tracking, and voice recording of decision-making using the think-aloud method. 38 participants who had never visited Brisbane, Australia, were recruited and placed in one of the three groups. They undertook a two-hour pedestrian wayfinding task and other research activities in the city centre. The results show there are significant differences in wayfinding strategies used by the three groups of participants. The GPS group preferred to follow the suggested route by their navigator, most of them ‘locking in’ as digital navigators throughout the task. By contrast, the local-signage-only group used a diverse range of strategies to wayfind. Local-signage-only and paper map users tried to locate their position in the city by using piloting or path integration strategies, the GPS group just passively followed the guidance line showed by their device. On completion of the task the digital navigators recognized less spatial information. Surprisingly, the digital navigators did not feel less anxious compared with the two other groups. Urban planners and designers may need to re-think their design strategies to interrupt digital navigation. The provision of a more diverse set of digital navigation options, rather than just shortest-path route identification, is likely desirable to assist navigators who wish to experience more on their pedestrian journeys. 相似文献
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Yu Ouyang 《Congress & the Presidency》2019,46(3):351-384
AbstractWhat systematic influence does the court exert on unilateral authority? Though questions relating to the expansion and the exercise of unilateral executive power remain a perennial concern in political science, existing studies of the unilateral presidency generally focus on relations between the executive and the legislature, with less attention paid to the impact of the judiciary on executive behavior. Using a system of differential equations to model executive unilateralism and judicial constraints, simulation results identified four broad patterns of unilateral executive behavior and judicial influence. Overall, presidents strategically anticipate reactions from the courts and employ unilateral actions accordingly. Although they are cognizant of the court’s ability to strike down their actions, and thereby harming their preferred policy preferences and legacies, presidents nonetheless act unilaterally, albeit at a lower level. Results add to existing studies in separation of powers and constraints on unilateral executive behavior. 相似文献