日本史学中“近世”概念的流变

日本史学中“近世”一词,出现于江户时代,原是当时人自指,即“最近时代”之义。明治维新之后,“近世”所指时代仍为江户时代,其涵义则与近代对立,以至于被归入中世"第二次世界大战后史学的发展使近世得以脱离中世范畴,被视为一个独立时代概念。而在地域研究和近代化论兴起的背景下,近世与当代的关系得到强调,近世的内涵又出现了“最近时代”的意味。“近世”概念出现至今,经历了变义、独立而回归的过程"     

成都博物馆藏东汉陶仙山插座初探

成都及周边地区东汉晚期墓葬中出土有一种明显为仙山造型的陶质插座,倾向于为摇钱树的树座。其整体的三山、平台、洞穴造型及其上较为丰富的人物、羽人、伏羲、女娲、西王母形象应是当时观念中以昆仑、西王母为中心的神仙信仰的表现。将其制作为专门的丧葬用品,一方面反映了当时丧葬文化中的神仙信仰成分和超越死亡的升仙愿望,另一方面也再次印证了西南地区流行的摇钱树的主要内涵应与升仙有关。     

位置照片表征的景区游客拍照行为时空模式

基于九寨沟景区的地理标记照片数据,利用Voronoi图、点中心度和马尔科夫链方法,从景点、景段和风景线尺度分析游客在景区内的拍照行为模式。根据数据呈现的时间转移峰值特征和空间转移概率特征,将景点尺度下的游客拍照行为总结为邻近快速转移、多中心慢速转移、跨越缓慢转移3种模式,景段尺度下的游客拍照行为总结为单向快速转移、跨越慢速转移两种模式,风景线尺度下的游客拍照行为总结为直接快速转移和间接慢速转移两种转移模式。景区内时空转移模式整体上呈现邻近景点、景段之间的空间转移概率较大,出现拍照高峰的时间较为接近,转移概率较高的区域都集中在热度较高的景点、景段,研究结果可以为游客规划游览路径提供理论依据,为景区管理人员提供决策支持。     

南京江宁上坊谢家山出土“天乙”滑石猪与司命信仰——也谈玉石猪手握的丧葬意义

南京江宁上坊谢家山出土一对滑石猪手握,其腹部的"天"、"乙"刻铭应连读为"天乙",即古代星官和神祇"天一"的别写。在汉六朝时期的观念中,天一与北斗有密切关系,都属于司命信仰的一部分。此信仰汉晋时偏于北斗,多见于一般文献;六朝时偏于天一,多见于道教文献。汉六朝时期流行的玉石猪手握即是此种司命信仰的表现。由于在六朝时,其中北斗部分已由七星板来代表,玉石猪更偏向于天一的部分。这一倾向可能与道教对传统信仰的继承和发展有关。     

先秦遗址出土朱砂的化学鉴定和产地判断方法评述

朱砂作为颜料或墓底铺垫在黄河流域和长江流域的众多先秦考古遗址中都有发现,然而现代朱砂矿藏则主要集中分布在我国的西南地区。因此,先秦时代很可能存在某种形式的广域交换网络,促成了朱砂和其他物品的远距离传播。经过对国内外朱砂产地相关研究方法的评述,可知采用硫同位素和汞同位素相结合的方法对古人可能利用的汞矿的朱砂样本和考古遗址出土的朱砂样本进行采样分析,有望重建先秦朱砂交换网络。     

First Evidence Of The Use Of Freshwater Pearls As A Cosmetic In Ancient China: Analysis Of White Makeup Powder From A Northern Song Dynasty Lv Tomb (Lantian,Shaanxi Province,China)

The Lv family tombs in Lantian, Shaanxi Province are one of the most important archaeological sites of China in recent years, providing numerous objects and a wealth of information for the study of the history of the Northern Song dynasty. There were a large number of exquisite cultural relics unearthed from the tombs, including one porcelain box containing white powder, which was identified as women's makeup. The phase composition, microstructure, thermal properties and characteristics of the trace elements in the unearthed white cosmetic powder were comprehensively analysed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry – thermogravimetry (DSC–TG), Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) microscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES). The white makeup powder was determined to be a product made from high‐quality freshwater pearls. These results, for the first time, showed evidence that freshwater pearl powder was used as a cosmetic in ancient China using archaeological objects, providing scientific evidence and new clues to enrich and expand research into the ancient Chinese cosmetic materials.     

A Rock‐Magnetic Quest for Possible Ore Sources for the Ancient Iron‐Smelting Industry in the Olkhon Region (Lake Baikal,Siberia)

Rock‐magnetic techniques were used to examine the topsoil layer of Kurma archaeological site (in the Olkhon region, on the north‐western coast of Lake Baikal, Siberia) in an effort to determine the possible sources of iron ores for iron‐smelting centres (at about the bc /ad boundary). Measurements have shown a magnetic enhancement of the topsoil due to magnetite grains resulting from weathering of strongly magnetic crystalline rocks. They have also revealed a preliminary picture of the distribution of strongly magnetic topsoils around the ancient iron‐smelting centres. Perhaps, in addition to traditional sources of raw materials, the ancient metallurgists used black sand talus as an ore deposit.     

Development of Collaborative Structure Analysis (CSA) System and Its Application to Investigate Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction

In this article, a collaborative structure analysis (CSA) system is developed for integrating different finite-element simulation programs. In this system, a simulated structure is divided into multiple substructures, and the interaction between the substructures is considered. Interfaces for the commercial finite-element program ABAQUS and for an open-source framework for structure analysis, OpenSees, are developed to achieve CSA integration. The CSA system is applied to analysis of a soil-structure interaction (SSI) problem, and the effects of SSI are investigated, and the efficiency and accuracy of the system are demonstrated.     

Discrimination Against Floating Migrants in China:Take Rural-to-Urban Migrants in Beijing As An Example

This essay firstly examines the destiny of rural-to-urban migrants in Beijing, the capital of China. Relying on data collected from representative survey, the essay then provides the demographic profil...     

《贩书偶记》“子部·释家类·一切经音义二十六卷”条辨疑

通过辨析孙殿起所著<贩书偶记>"子部·释家类·一切经音义二十六卷"条,我们可为之增补两条新的版本信息1.该抄本为高邮王氏家传之书.2.该抄本的底本是最早不超过明英宗正统五年(1440)的永乐北藏本,或是更晚至顺治、康熙间刊刻的嘉兴藏本.