"文化空间:节日与社会生活的公共性"国际学术研讨会综述

北京民俗博物馆馆员     

不同方法加固古建筑榫卯构架抗震试验

为保护古建筑,采用试验方法,研究了不同方法加固榫卯节点后木构架的抗震性能。基于故宫太和殿某开间梁柱节点的具体尺寸,制作了1:8比例的4梁4柱木结构空间框架模型,其中梁和柱考虑为燕尾榫形式连接。采用人工加载方式,进行了低周反复加载试验,研究了马口铁、CFRP布和钢构件加固榫卯节点后对木构架抗震性能的影响。基于试验结果,获得了加固前后构架的力-侧移滞回曲线和骨架曲线,分析了构架耗能能力、刚度退化规律及变形能力,对不同方法加固木构架的抗震效果进行了对比,对其工程应用提出了建议。     

故宫太和殿结构现状数值模拟研究

为保护故宫太和殿,采用数值模拟方法,研究了太和殿的结构现状特征。采用ANSYS有限元程序,考虑榫卯节点、斗拱连接等构造,建立了太和殿有限元模型。分别对模型进行自重作用、风荷载作用下的静力分析及8度常遇地震作用下的时程响应分析,获得了太和殿在不同荷载作用下的内力及变形分布特征,评价了太和殿的结构安全现状。结果表明:重力及风荷载作用下,太和殿结构的内力、变形均在容许范围内;地震作用下,结构保持稳定状态,且榫卯节点及斗拱构造有利于减震。因此,太和殿结构现状是安全的。     

遥感与地理信息系统在城市考古中的实践

遥感与地理信息系统是城市考古研究中重要的技术手段。借助遥感技术,在识别遗迹的基础上,首先可以对城址开展地图测量,确保研究数据的准确性,其次可以获取不同精度的地形地貌数据,从宏观和微观层面分析城址的空间环境和布局结构,最终可以为城市复原研究提供线索,提高田野考古工作的效率和精度。在地理信息系统应用方面,本文提出了"城市圈"的概念,将城址与周边遗址和自然环境纳入同一个空间集合进行考察,可以充分发挥地理信息系统的空间分析功能,行之有效的剖析城市空间属性所反映出的人地关系和社会关系。     

Revised stratigraphy of the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician) at Zhuzhai,South China,based on palaeontological and lithological data

Lee, D.-C., Park, J., Woo, J., Kwon, Y.K., Lee, J.-G., Guan, L., Sun, N., Lee, S.-B., Liang, K., Liu, L., Rhee, C.-W., Choh, S.-J., Kim, B.-S. & Lee, D.-J., September 2012. Revised stratigraphy of the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician) at Zhuzhai, South China, based on palaeontological and lithological data. Alcheringa 36, 393–412. ISSN 0311-5518.

Three exposures of the Upper Ordovician Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai, Yushan, Jiangxi Province, China are re-measured and described in detail. Comparison of palaeontological and lithological data from the exposures (designated sub-sections ZU1, ZU2 and ZU3) reveals that the sub-sections overlap stratigraphically. Nearly identical assemblages of trilobites and brachiopods occur in mudstones of ZU1 and ZU3, whereas a different assemblage occurs in those of ZU2. Identical coral species occur in the overlapped intervals of ZU1 and ZU2, and ZU1 and ZU3, respectively. In addition, a distinctive identical lithological succession consisting of brachiopod-bearing nodular limestone at the base to coral floatstone at the top is evident in the overlapped interval of ZU1 and ZU2; prism-cracked algal laminites are found in the same interval; and bioclastic limestone beds, which represent bioherms consisting mainly of corals and stromatoporoids, occur in both ZU1 and ZU3. A thrust fault system appears to be responsible for the repetition in the subsections, and the faulting was probably due to the major post-Ordovician structural movements exerted on the Zhe-Gan Platform of the Jiangnan Region of the South China Block.

Dong-Chan Lee [dclee@hit.ac.kr], Department of Heritage Studies, Daejeon Health Sciences College, 300-711, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Jino Park [jinopark@korea.ac.kr], Suk-Joo Choh [sjchoh@korea.ac.kr], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 136-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Jusun Woo [jusunwoo@kopri.re.kr], Division of Polar Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 406-840, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Yi Kyun Kwon [kyk70@kigam.re.kr], Marine and Petroleum Division, Korea Institutue of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 305-350, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Jeong-Gu Lee [leejg@mest.go.kr], Seung-Bae Lee [sblee@mest.go.kr], Exhibition Planning and Coordination Division, Gwacheon National Science Museum, 427-060, Gwacheon, Republic of Korea; Liming Guan [glm.1103218@yahoo.com], Ning Sun [sun@andong.ac.kr], Kun Liang [ibcaskun@126.com], Lu Liu [liulu323@hotmail.com], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, 760-749, Andong, Republic of Korea; Dong-Jin Lee [djlee@andong.ac.kr], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, 760-749, Andong, Republic of Korea and College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China; Chul-Woo Rhee [gloryees@chungbuk.ac.kr], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 361-763, Cheongju, Republic of Korea; Byong-Song Kim [kbs1972@163.com], Department of Resources Exploration Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China. Received 16.10.2011, revised 4.1.2012, accepted 16.1.2012.     

忆张伯驹先生

祖父关松房先生的遗物中有一封1951年11月18日来自中央人民政府政务院文化教育委员会的公函回信。这是我迄今为止所见到的来自官方最具权威性、最为具体的一份早期资料（图1）。全文内容是：关松房先生,你寄给周总理的《关于发扬国画的建议》已收到。你建议的主要意见是：国画家应有一个从事政治学习与业务学习的组织,以便在集体研究中将国画改造工作推进一步,使国画成为教育广大人民的工具;     

晚清局所与清末政体变革

晚清局所适内忧外患之变局而出现,为平定战乱与善后、筹措赔款的应急措施。成同以后局所膨胀与捐纳、保举泛滥及行政新事务的扩展相交织,形成了由督抚掌控的非正式行政机构,造成了官与差、名义与实权相分离的局面,加剧了吏治腐败与财政困窘。清廷三令五申裁撤而未能显效,客观上削弱了其分权制衡的掌控力。局所泛滥的乱象背后,既隐伏着各级政府对社会变动下既有政体结构与职能如何调整的角力,同时也掩盖了局所在接引新知与发展新兴事业方面曾起过的重要推动作用。丙午官制改革与清理财政,以司道改制的方式归并局所功能,使之纳入职官体制,直省行政由此根本改变。     

Experimental Study and Numerical Model Calibration for Earthquake-Induced Collapse of RC Frames with Emphasis on Key Columns,Joints, and the Overall Structure

A thorough investigation of earthquake-induced collapse of reinforced concrete frames is presented. The inherent correlation between the nonlinear behavior of key components and the collapse mechanism of overall frame is examined through concurrent collapse tests of both frame and key components. Important issues in the component models are investigated through calibration against experiments, leading to a comprehensive structural system model. Both test and simulation indicate that the seismic performance are predominately governed by the key columns, whereas the energy dissipation capacity is somewhat affected by the joints. This study offers systematic experimental data and numerical models for future collapse assessments.     

清代史官议叙制度考略

史官议叙制度是清代文官奖励体系中的重要组成部分,用以激励参与纂修史书的史官。清承明制,将议叙范围扩大,运用于史馆修史,形成修史机构议叙管理机制。嘉庆朝编《大清会典》,又将史官议叙法规化。议叙内容根据史官出身和品阶不同相应有差,包括加级加纪录、加衔、提前开复、获得选官优先权等多种。终清一代,史官议叙制度吸引了大批士人主动投身到修史活动中,有效保障了清代大规模官方修史的顺利进行,并由此带来士人职业观念上的积极变化。     

中国初期石窟及观佛三昧--以麦积山石窟为中心

麦积山石窟初期洞窟从造像题材、组合内容等方面反映了禅观的思想。本文从禅观经典的翻译和翻译者的出身地论述中国早期石窟所反映的禅观思想来源于犍陀罗。麦积山石窟也不例外,同样受到了犍陀罗的影响。