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31.
Yongwan Chun 《Geographical analysis》2014,46(2):165-184
Poisson models generally are utilized in analyzing spatial patterns of crime count data. When spatial autocorrelation is present, these models are extended to account for it. Among various methods, eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) furnishes an efficient means of analysis. However, because space–time crime data have temporal components as well as spatial components, Poisson models need to be further adjusted to reflect the two types of components simultaneously. This article discusses how the ESF method can be utilized to model space–time crime data, extending the generalized linear mixed model specification for it. This approach is illustrated with an application to space–time vehicle burglary incidents in the city of Plano, Texas, during 2004–2009. Los modelos de Poisson generalmente se utilizan en el análisis de los patrones espaciales de los datos de recuento de crimen. Cuando hay autocorrelación espacial, estos modelos son modificados para dar cuenta de ello. Entre los diversos métodos existentes, el método Eigenvector (autovector, vector propio) de filtrado espacial (Eigenvector Spatial Filtering‐ESF) proporciona un medio eficaz para dicho análisis. Sin embargo, dado que los datos de criminalidad espacio‐temporales tienen tanto componentes temporales como espaciales, los modelos tipo Poisson requieren de un ajuste adicional para reflejar ambos tipos de componentes de manera simultánea. El artículo presente expone cómo el método ESF puede ser utilizado para modelar datos espacio‐temporales sobre delitos mediante la modificación del modelo mixto lineal generalizado (Generalized Linear Mixed Model‐GLMM). El procedimiento propuesto se ilustra con el caso de incidentes espacio‐temporales de robos de vehículos en la ciudad de Plano, Texas, durante 2004–2009. 泊松模型一般用于犯罪计数数据的空间模式分析中,当空间自相关关系呈现时,这类模型可扩展以解释潜在的分布特征。在各种模型中,特征向量空间滤波（ESF）提供了一种有效的分析方法。然而,由于时空犯罪数据包含时间和空间组分,因此泊松模型需要进一步调整以同时反映这两种不同类型的数据。本文讨论了如何利用特征向量空间滤波(ESF)模型对时空犯罪数据进行建模,并采用扩展广义线性混合模型(GLMM)进行规范。最后,以德克萨斯州普莱诺市2004‐2009年的车辆盗窃案数据进行了实证验证。 相似文献
32.
The literature is replete with acknowledgments that spatial autocorrelation (SA) inflates the variance of a random variable (RV), and that it also may alter other RV distributional properties. In most studies, impacts of SA have been examined only for the three most commonly used distributions: the normal, Poisson (and its negative binomial counterpart), and binomial distributions; much less is known about its effects on two other RVs that are utilized in GIScience research: the beta and the multinomial. The beta distribution—which is considered to be very flexible because it can mimic a uniform, exponential, sinusoidal, and normal RV—can be utilized to analyze the radiance of a remotely sensed image, for example. The multinomial distribution, a generalization of the binomial distribution, has been widely used for land use classification, and to describe land use change. The literature also suggests that RV impacts of negative SA, a neglected topic in spatial analysis, may differ from those of positive SA, at least for some RVs (e.g., the Poisson RV). The purpose of this article is to extend the investigation of effects of SA to beta and multinomial RVs, with both positive SA and negative SA assessed and contrasted with each other, using simulation experiments. The simulation experiments are designed to support this assessment. One of the major discoveries is that impacts of positive SA and negative SA behave similarly when a RV conforms to a normal distribution; however, maximum negative SA is unable to materialize for asymmetric RV, whereas positive SA always converges upon its maximum. 相似文献
33.
We introduce an index of urban amenities based on hotel night stays that can rank most US metros for the years 1990 through 2015. This naive index can be used on its own to study changes in amenity level or with other measures to reduce omitted variable bias. Researchers can also use the index to create panel datasets from more sophisticated cross‐sectional indexes. Empirical testing shows the bundle of amenities associated with hotel stays has substantial effects on variation in housing prices across cities and time, validating our proxy variable approach. Testing for an association with wages is inconclusive. 相似文献
34.
Ping Yu Fan Kwok Pan Chun Ana Mijic Mou Leong Tan Wei Zhai Omer Yetemen 《Geographical analysis》2024,56(2):284-302
While the land use-street network nexus is well acknowledged, evidence for the one-way impacts of land-use patterns on street accessibility is still inadequate. The measurements of land-use patterns and street accessibility lack systematic knowledge. Their empirical correlations also lack geographical variability, constraining site-specific land-use practices. Therefore, this study overcame the aforementioned limitations by examining the two-level spatial models to formulate accessibility-oriented land plans, using a well-developed Chinese city as an example. Firstly, two landscape metrics—Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Distance (ENN) and Similarity Index (SIMI)—were used to quantify the intra- and inter-land-use configurations, respectively. Both city-level and local accessibility were measured using spatial design network analysis. Performing both ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, results identified the statistically significant effects of inter-land-use patterns on two-level street accessibility. An exception was that land-use configurations within residential and industrial regions were irrelevant to street accessibility. We also found GWR was a better-fitting model than OLS when estimating locally-varied accessibility, suggesting hierarchical multiscale land-use planning. Overall, locally heterogeneous evidence in this study can substantialize land use-street network interactions and support the decision-making and implementation of place-specific accessibility-oriented land use. 相似文献
35.
移民的行动抉择与网络依赖--对温州侨乡现象的社会学透视 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
王春光 《华侨华人历史研究》2002,(3):43-52
有关温州侨乡的研究并不多,仅有的少数研究认为,温州侨乡之所以有那么多人不断地涌向海外,是因为那里存在着"炫耀消费"和"相对失落感".本文从社会网络依赖和行动选择两个层面来解释温州侨乡现象,认为温州侨乡之所以持续存在,是因为社会网络对行动路径的影响造成的,而炫耀性消费和相对失落感仅仅是表象. 相似文献
36.
红花套遗址新石器时代的石制品研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红花套遗址位于湖北宜都城西的长江右岸岸边,在1974年时保留面积2万平方米.1973年一1977年5次发掘共揭露面积2825平方米,发现了大量的大溪文化中晚期至屈家岭文化早中期的房址、灰坑和墓葬等遗迹以及大量陶器和石器等人工制品[1]. 相似文献
37.
一、性别考古学概述自20世纪80年代以来的考古学进展中,一项新兴的探索领域是性别考古学(genderarchaeology )。其要旨是从性别研究来进行社会考古学的研究,并对考古学中主要侧重男性的作用和忽视女性的倾向进行纠偏。这项研究并非限于 相似文献
38.
非物质文化遗产保护和高校教育是互相联系、相互作用的两个彼此紧密联系的方面,处理好两者的关系不仅对于保护和传承非物质文化遗产具有重要的意义,而且也能促进教育的发展。 相似文献
39.
抗战时期在台日本殖民政府的经济政策及其对战后台湾经济的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
战争前期,在台日本殖民政府在继续执行传统殖民掠夺政策的基础上,施行了生产力扩充与战时经济统制政策,竭力扩充与军需生产密切相关的工业,并执行农作物增产计划,同时对物资与物价实行严格统制;战争后期,更强制执行了增发货币、发行公债、发起“储蓄报国运动”、加速日资兼并土地与产业独占、实行工业加班增产与农业垦荒增收等一系列残酷的掠夺政策。这些政策使得战后台湾的经济重建困难重重。 相似文献
40.
讨论早期文明探源流行的文化标准和社会标准,体现了文明探源从断代和事件向社会复杂化过程的转变。文化标准涉及城市、青铜与文字的意义和内涵,以及它们在社会演进中的意义。社会标准涉及新进化论的四个社会类型,并对酋邦与古国概念做了述评。最后强调了解释的问题,希望我国学界建立统一的概念和术语体系,以减少无谓的争论和论述的模糊性,提高研究质量并努力与国际接轨。 相似文献