Probabilistic Regionalization via Evidence Accumulation with Random Spanning Trees as Weak Spatial Representations

Spatial clusters contain biases and artifacts, whether they are defined via statistical algorithms or via expert judgment. Graph-based partitioning of spatial data and associated heuristics gained popularity due to their scalability but can define suboptimal regions due to algorithmic biases such as chaining. Despite the broad literature on deterministic regionalization methods, approaches that quantify regionalization probability are sparse. In this article, we propose a local method to quantify regionalization probabilities for regions defined via graph-based cuts and expert-defined regions. We conceptualize spatial regions as consisting of two types of spatial elements: core and swing. We define three distinct types of regionalization biases that occur in graph-based methods and showcase the use of the proposed method to capture these types of biases. Additionally, we propose an efficient solution to the probabilistic graph-based regionalization problem via performing optimal tree cuts along random spanning trees within an evidence accumulation framework. We perform statistical tests on synthetic data to assess resulting probability maps for varying distinctness of underlying regions and regionalization parameters. Lastly, we showcase the application of our method to define probabilistic ecoregions using climatic and remotely sensed vegetation indicators and apply our method to assign probabilities to the expert-defined Bailey's ecoregions.     

晚期层叠式城市建筑遗址考古发掘中的地层学及相关问题

晚期层叠式城市建筑遗址的地层堆积和埋藏方式不同于其他类遗址,尤其与早期遗址差别很大,因而在发掘的方法上有一些特殊的要求。本文主要围绕考古地层学基本理论在此类遗址发掘中的运用展开讨论,兼谈其他一些相关问题。     

城市企业主义视角下的政府转型——中部小城济源的发展路径

借助对城市企业主义的简明定义,即以"企业化表述"和"企业化方式"来实施"企业化战略",通过考察中部小城河南省济源市20年来的发展历程,发现其城市企业主义经历了由萌芽到深化的"全球城市化"进程。进一步分析表明:在中国,城市企业主义是多重尺度共同作用的产物;市场化和全球化构成相互交织的推动力量;城市体系中的位置直接影响城市企业主义的战略与行动内容。     

从考古看丝绸之路祁山道的形成

四川是中国古代丝绸之路的起点之一。北经陇南通向陇右天水地区的祁山古道,是四川与黄河流域沟通并通向中亚、西亚、北非和欧洲的重要的通道之一,但长期以来被学术界忽视。从新石器时代早期至晚期,逐渐形成了一条以渭河上游的天水为中心．东连渭河中下游的关中平原乃至中原,南经陇南至川北嘉陵江上游,然后经涪江、成都平原、大渡河下游至云贵高原西北的彩陶文化传播线路。夏商西周时期,中原夏文化、西北寺洼和早秦文化经天水、陇南与早蜀文明发生了密切联系。春秋战国时期,在区域交通的基础上,文化传播线路形成了川蜀经陇南、天水与中亚、西亚、北亚地区联通的国际贸易通道。     

影响中罗关系曲折发展的若干因素

20世纪60年代,原本平稳发展的中罗关系出现了飞跃。促成并制约这一时期中罗关系发展的最主要原因是苏联对两国的影响,罗马尼亚领导人把中苏和罗苏两个双边关系变成了一个中一苏一罗大三角关系。此外,冷战的国际背景及由此产生的双方在意识形态上的认同与分歧,是另一个重要因素。上述因素在不同时期、不同情况下此消彼长,使中罗关系的进程呈现出缓与急、冷与暖的交替。     

北方地区寺庙、殿堂壁画可溶盐活动规律的 实验室模拟研究

古代壁画的风化酥碱问题一直是壁画病害中最常见和最严重的问题之一,其主要原因是墙体中的可溶盐。了解壁画中可溶盐无机离子的特性及其活动规律可为解决古代壁画的酥碱问题提供科学参考和依据。为此,通过模拟壁画中可溶盐活动实验来揭示可溶性无机离子在壁画中的分布及活动规律。利用离子色谱仪检测分析壁画不同高度细泥层、粗泥层以及土坯层的可溶盐离子浓度。结果表明,试块细泥层中的Ca2+,Na+,和SO24-含量最高,说明这三种离子在壁画中的迁移能力最强,Cl-、NO3-、Mg2+的迁移能力居中,K+迁移能力最弱。离子迁移能力越强,在壁画表层富集程度就越高,各离子之间形成结晶盐的机率越大,对壁画破坏作用越大。本研究可为解决古代壁画盐害提供依据。     

实验室微型发掘方法在北周武帝孝陵 发掘中的应用

1994年经国家文物局批准,陕西省考古研究所对北周武帝孝陵进行了抢救性发掘,由于墓葬多次被盗,又多次进水,导致墓内的文物发生严重扰乱和腐蚀,尤其是墓内发现的大量易碎、细小及糟朽的有机质文物,使现场清理遇到了很大的困难。为了最大程度地获取地层中的所有考古信息,首次大规模、针对性地对孝陵五号天井东、西龛,四号天井东龛,甬道及墓室的文物采取了整体分割打包,运回实验室进行微型发掘的方法。通过对现场提取的74个石膏包的微型发掘和清理,获得了在现场无法发现的重要文物和遗迹,共清出文物2330件。尤其是直径不足1mm的无色琉璃珠在显微镜下的发现更是将微型发掘的优势凸显到了极点。它不仅弥补了现场发掘的不足,更是利用先进仪器,将考古发掘、科技考古和文物保护完美地进行了融合。实践证明实验室微型发掘方法是考古现场发掘不可或缺的必要手段。     

《滹南遗老集》版本源流考

《滹南遗老集》是金代著名学者王若虚的文集,这部著作编订于作者去世前后,初刻于金元之交,主持者为其子王恕与槁城县令董彦明、县丞赵寿卿。稍后疑有官刻本。初刻本传世甚少,元大德三年江西兴贤书院重新整理刊刻。明代仅有少量抄本流传,未见刊刻。清人吴重熹据明代淡生堂抄本收入《石莲庵汇刻九金人集》,此前已有《四库全书》,此后又有《四部丛刊》、《畿辅丛书》等收其文集。比较而言,《四部丛刊》本校勘最精,而《畿辅丛书》本收条最全。     

Portrayals of Non-North Koreans in North Korean Textbooks and the Formation of National Identity

This article examines the portrayal of non-North Koreans in North Korean textbooks to assess the influences on the formation of North Korean identity, and how such identity formation is important in Kim Jeong-il's retention of power. This study not only looks closely at textual representations; it also examines how political and ideological changes in North Korea had a critical influence on these texts. The study encompasses both lexico-grammatical analysis and the analysis of textual and visual images, based on an examination of six North Korean language textbooks published from 1954 to 2000. It demonstrates that North Korean identity is defined through the portrayal of non-North Koreans, particularly enemy others. The portrayal of non-North Koreans facilitates the formation of a solid North Korean identity – an identity that entails serving their political leaders, remaining vigilant against threats to their country, and liberating South Koreans from poverty and oppression by America and its puppet states.