The Formation of Leningrad's Satellite Places

The development of Leningrad's suburban zone began mainly in the Soviet period with the growth of “dormitory” satellites of the central city. Many of the city's satellites perform the same industrial and cultural functions as Leningrad itself. The distribution of commuter areas is analyzed on the basis of winter commutation tickets. In addition to satellites, Leningrad has “associate” cities and towns that supply the central city with electric power and fuels but lack the commuting ties that differentiate true satellites. Further planning of the Leningrad suburban zone should take care not to saturate the suburbs with industry. It is more desirable to locate new plants in small and medium-size cities outside the suburban zone.     

Snow-Cover Dynamics as one of the Factors of Formation of Landscapes of the Moscow Region

The author analyzes the landscape-forming role of the snow cover by distinguishing four snow-cover periods in the winter season and investigating snow-accumulation conditions under various meteorological, relief and vegetation situations. The effect of the snow cover on ground frost, the wintering of plants and animals, the amount of surface runoff and soil erosion in the spring is analyzed for various combinations of conditions in each period.     

Ways of Constructing a Geomorphological Theory

Since the fundamental work of William Morris Davis on a cyclic interpretation of landforms and of Walther Penck on slope development, no new conceptual approach has been offered in geomorphology until the appearance of Lester King's The Morphology of the Earth. But King's emphasis on the hypothesis of continental drift and on the process of pediplanation are judged inadequate for a full-fledged theory of geomorphology. As the new conceptual framework, the author prefers the morphostructural method of Soviet geomorphology, based on the relationship between tectonic elements and surface forms.     

ON THE STUDY OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS BY MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Two Soviet regional planners test several spatial interaction models with particular reference to the Kuznetsk Basin (Kemerovo Oblast), the southern belt of West Siberia and a portion of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Kray). Existing techniques, such as gravity and potential models, are found to work well in areas with relatively uniform settlement patterns, such as the steppe zone of Krasnodar Kray or the southern Ob'-Irtysh subregion of West Siberia, but not in areas with sharp contrasts in settlement patterns, such as the Kuznetsk Basin, where a linear highly urbanized belt is enclosed between sparsely populated mountains. In such contrasting settings, a combination of methods is required.     

PLACE-NAME EVIDENCE IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MOSCOW

The authors demonstrate that place names can help to reconstruct the changing geography of Moscow by identifying and localizing the stages of the city's growth, the development of its radial-circular layout, the absorption of adjoining villages, the distribution of handicrafts and industries, and the existence of hydrographic features and vegetative cover. (The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.)     

文物三维彩色数字化模型实现方式探讨

随着文物三维数字化技术应用的不断开展,适合于文物的高清晰彩色三维数字模型的实现是一个迫切需要解决的问题.本文从应用和技术角度,分别对文物三维彩色数字化模型实现的几种方式进行了论述,并对其各自特点作了简要的说明.认为从仪器本身角度实现三维彩色数字模型尚有一定难度.用户可根据不同需求,采取不同的实现方式达到应用的目的.     

中国城市间交通流强度的空间格局

以全国321个地级以上行政区为研究对象,基于城市间汽车、火车和航空班次联系测算各城市对外联系强度,通过核密度估计、位序-规模及探索性空间数据分析,对多元交通流视角下城市间交通流强度的空间格局进行提取和解析。研究表明:在整个城市体系中,高位次城市规模凸显,中小规模城市有待于进一步发育。基于公路和铁路联系的城际交通流分别表现为由沿海向内陆逐级减弱、以国家铁路大动脉沿线为中心的核心-边缘结构;基于航空联系的城际交通流表现出高度极化和点状镶嵌特征。     

中国大城市保障房社区的邻里效应研究——以广州市保障房周边社区为例

随着我国保障房建设速度的加快,保障房社区将对已有的城市社会空间结构带来深刻影响,其社会效应亟需深入探讨。本文以邻里效应为切入点,基于社区调研数据,采用因子分析、回归分析和质性研究方法,研究广州市保障房社区对周边社区的影响,以及这种影响的形成机制。研究发现,保障房社区并没有为周边社区带来负面的影响,也不存在"贫困同质化"的现象。然而,保障房居民与周边社区居民缺乏人际交往,其社会融合度也比较低。结果表明,提升保障房社区的社会认同度,消除不同社区居民相互间的隔阂,对构建和谐社区具有重要的意义。     

浅谈第二轮修志如何搞好与首轮志书的衔接

搞好第一、二轮修志的衔接是做好第二轮修志工作的难点和重要环节。文章通过总结和分析搞好衔接对第二轮修志工作的意义、当前修志工作在这方面存在的问题,提出了如何处理好第一、二轮修志衔接工作的几个观点。