论中国共产党历史上的两次伟大转折

中国共产党在 80年光辉历程中经历了以 1 935年遵义会议和 1 978年十一届三中全会为标志的两次伟大历史转折。两次伟大历史转折都产生了巨大的作用和深远的影响 ;两次伟大历史转折都发生在重大的历史关头 ,同时又都是经过较为充分的准备 ,在政治上、组织上条件已经成熟的情况下发生的 ;两次伟大历史转折都是通过发扬党内民主、开展党内斗争来实现 ;两次伟大历史转折以后 ,都还经过了一个相当时间的后续的发展过程 ,转折的成果才得到巩固 ,转折的任务才全部完成。     

旅游对皖南古村落影响的比较研究——以西递、宏村和南屏为例

安徽黟县的皖南明清古民居群是世界文化遗产,本文在对西递、宏村和南屏三个古村落调查的基础上,整理出旅游对古村落的经济、社会文化和环境的影响指数,并对比旅游对三个古村落的影响程度,分析了古村落旅游发展影响效应已呈现出的阶段性特点,即西递的旅游影响效应要高于宏村和南屏。并指出目前中国古村落的旅游发展过程中存在着相似的模式:古村落的保护、规划和旅游开发是旅游可持续发展的生命轴线,其中社区村民和地方政府是两个最重要影响因素,在古村落的旅游发展过程中,双方应在考虑到彼此的利益的前提下,达成良性的互动机制,以确保古村落旅游的可持续发展。     

中国传统哲学思想与古代体育文化

五千年的文明史创造出了璀璨的中华传统文化和丰富多彩的体育文化。在这漫长而又充满智慧的过程中,充分体现了中华民族的创造性。体育文化蕴涵着厚重的文化内涵与人文精神,古代体育文化源远流长的发展轨迹里渗透着深厚的哲学思想。     

语言相对论与语义研究视角摭议

19世纪以来西方语言学关于语言与思维的关系有普遍主义和相对主义两种解释。本文评述洪堡特的观点、萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说、列文森的综合观,探讨语义研究的视角问题,提出研究视角取决于研究目的的观点。不同研究视角之间是互补关系;语义普遍性和民族性是语义性质的两个方面;旨在为语言教学、翻译、词典编撰等提供可资借鉴的成果则自然会选择民族性为语义研究的对象,从种族视角研究语义会选择对比或比较的研究范式。     

茶叶和鸦片在早期经济全球化中的作用——观察19世纪中国危机的一个视角

Alongside military conquest which characterized great part of globalization during the 19^th century, the globalization of markets no doubt was its main manifestation. Addictive consumption goods played a leading role during this process, as observed in the case of China, tea and the opium trade had the largest impact. Owing to the importance of Britain’s growing demand for tea and its concomitant tax revenue, Anglo-Chinese trade became the dominant trade that Britain had in the East. To make up the trade deficit with China, Britain took advantage of its Indian colony and did its best in expanding its opium trade. Within this triangular trade scheme, Britain was the master, India was the instrument, and China was the ultimate victim. Confronted by the irresistible trend of globalization, China was ill prepared when facing this challenge leading to a complete failure in both military and commercial warfare and later on to an overall crisis in the 19^th century.     

Freedom,Religion and the Making of the Modern State in Japan, 1868–89

This paper rethinks the article of religious freedom of the Meiji Constitution of 1889 and calls into question the liberalist paradigm employed to understand the Constitution and modern Japanese history. In this liberalist framework, the Constitution manifests the peculiar and authoritarian nature of the pre-war Japanese state. In particular, the 28^th article, which provides for the conditional freedom of religious belief, is seen as no more than a cover for social control by the state. This paper examines the histories of the ideas of religion and freedom, and the religious freedom article, and argues that the most appropriate task is not to measure how much religious freedom the Meiji Constitution failed to guarantee against a de-historicised liberalism, but rather to consider the function of the very inclusion of religious freedom in the Constitution. I argue that the inclusion of religious freedom as a generic type of liberty in the Meiji Constitution was instrumental in the creation of the private modern individual as a subject-citizen. It is through this private individual citizen that the modern state as a public, secular authority was created.     

Seismic Testing of Critical Lifelines Rehabilitated with Cured in Place Pipeline Lining Technology

Trenchless technology is well accepted for repairing critical underground lifelines with minimal ground surface disruption. The cured in place pipeline (CIPP) lining process is an application of trenchless technology that involves the installation of fiber reinforced composites inside existing pipelines. The uncertain performance of pipelines reinforced with CIPP linings in seismic areas is a barrier to the adoption of this method for seismic retrofit. This article evaluates experimentally the transient seismic response of pressurized pipelines reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) linings. The test results show that reinforced pipelines can accommodate very high intensity ground motions and can provide substantial seismic strengthening in addition to efficient rehabilitation of aging underground infrastructure.     

见微知著-张珩书画管窥兼论其鉴定之学简

有一张画,很小,小到不足一平尺,且笔简墨淡,空灵疏秀,不注意就会逸出视线之外的。我在那家画廊识得,它被镶进一只略显陈旧简陋的小术框里,正安静地悬挂于扶梯一侧的墙壁上,不发出一丝声息。     

试谈铁作坊中废弃冶铸遗物整理的理念与实践

过去已发掘的战国两汉时期铁作坊数量不少,但尚未有专文探讨如何通过整理废弃冶铸遗物来认识作坊性质。本文以最近新发现的陕西杨凌铁作坊为材料,讨论铁器手工业作坊的研究目标,以及在缺乏生产设施资料的情况下对废弃冶铸遗物的分类、记录的标准以及科技分析方法,望有助于对铁器手工业的考古学研究。     

山东地区商周时期原始瓷器的发现与研究

近年来前掌大墓地发现的原始瓷器对山东地区商周时期的原始瓷器地位、功能和作用等问题的探讨提供了新的资料。