麦积山石窟"伏羲女娲"图像辨析

麦积山石窟169、69窟间浮塑交龙装饰龛楣图像,长期被一些研究者误读为“伏羲女娲”,并与天水作为“伏羲女娲”故乡的人文背景相联系。本文在详细考察洞窟图像的基础上,结合佛教经典与文献的相关记载,并参照国内其它石窟的龙装饰图像的情况,指出交龙龛饰的石窟造型图像是佛教中“天龙八部”之一的护持佛法的龙众,是佛国世界的守护神。麦积山石窟交龙龛饰图像与中国传统文化中的“伏羲女娲”无关。     

就石片台面研究问题答李炎贤

石片包括了各种类型台面的石片,石片台面的分类可以视为石片分类的一种。旧石器时代考古术语需要斟酌和规范。科学研究必须实事求是。     

读冯客《近代中国之种族观念》

“在历史上,众多的研究已经将西方国家种族偏见的限度展现无余……然而,种族观念①在欧美以外的社会也同样兴盛,这一点就鲜为人知了。”冯客先生所著《近代中国之种族观念》②“前言”第1页中的这段话,我认为有一定的根据。③在我们这里,尽管清末革命派曾大谈“种族革命”,但研究者一般都将之纳入“民族主义”范畴。其实,不只是今天的研究者,在清末民初,我们的前辈就往往将国家(国族)与种族混同起来。冯客指出,在20世纪初的留日学生那里,“种”与“国”是重叠的:“‘国’和‘种’在成组的短语如‘爱种爱国’或‘国界种界’中经常并置,这也对…     

Development at the Edge of Difference: Rethinking Capital and Market Relations from Lugu Lake,Southwest China

This paper rethinks the relationships between capitalist development in indigenous places and the fabric of local differences and specificities. It first develops a critical appraisal of the celebration of ethnic identities, local agency and indigenous knowledge in existing literatures. It suggests that, based on such insights, we can further envision the possibility of questioning and problematising the ontology and concept of the capitalist economy. Above all, this paper is interested in non-capitalist factors percolating into capitalist economies and creating fissures in their logical and ontological coherence. It examines how capitalist economies depend on local specificities to achieve particular configurations. We elucidate this argument with a case study of indigenous development in Lugu Lake, Southwest China, which is inhabited by the ethnic Mosuo people. Through the dual lenses of land and labour, we pay special attention to the transition from grassroots development initiatives to heavy dependence on exogenous capital and entrepreneurs.     

旅游目的地选择行为的收入群体差异——以北京、武汉、西安城镇居民为例

以北京、武汉、西安城镇居民为例,探究旅游目的地选择行为的收入群体差异。研究发现,不同收入群体的旅游目的地选择行为存在明显差异,具体表现在：①不同收入群体的景区到访率均随距离的增加呈e指数衰减,但衰减速率存在收入群体差异,收入越高的群体,到访率距离衰减速率相对越小。②中国城镇居民的国内旅游目的地选择行为具有“距离择近,景点择高,经济择富”的“三择”倾向,但不同收入群体的“三择”程度不同,收入越低的群体,“距离择近,经济择富”的倾向越明显。③不同收入群体到访率空间分异趋势一致,但高到访率空间大小不同,收入越高的群体,高到访率空间越大。④目的地亲景度存在收入群体差异,收入越高的群体,目的地亲景度越高。     

The Role of Engineer-in-Chief and the Introduction of Foreign Hydraulic Dredging Technology and River Conservancy into China, 1890s–1930s

This paper discusses studies of the development of river conservancy in modern China, and the role of engineers-in-chief in river improvement planning on rivers such as the Hai-ho (Haihe) and the Whangpoo (Huangpu). It discusses the introduction of foreign hydraulic dredging technology and management into two major Chinese ports. It then analyses the process by which two agencies of the Chinese government absorbed and adjusted this technology to suit local circumstances in the treaty ports of Tianjin and Shanghai beginning in the 1890s. Without prior experience in river conservancy, the conservancy boards adopted a range of foreign technologies. This allowed them to develop into major institutions that facilitated increasing trade flows between China and the rest of the world. Of particular significance in this process of technological change was the role of the expatriate engineers-in-chief who were employed as chief executive officers of both agencies. They were responsible for establishing the operations of the agencies, accommodating an increasing range of responsibilities such as financial and human resource management, and training Chinese engineers and managers for senior positions until they were ready to replace the expatriate engineers-in-chief after the 1930s.     

再论三三制民主的实践——以陕甘宁边区为中心

三三制是中共提出的新民主模式,旨在扩大民主参与、促进社会团结,它是在陕甘宁边区基层民主实践的基础上形成的,吸纳更多的党外民主人士参政议政,扩大了抗日政权的代表性,而在其具体实践中,传统社会文化与现代民主制度,党领导下的"放手"与"包办",无时无刻不潜存着种种张力。回归三三制民主的历史实践,能更好地认识这一民主模式。     

From a Politics of Conviction to a Politics of Interest? The Changing Ontologics of Youth Politics in India and Nicaragua

There exists a longstanding association between youth and revolution, partly due to the assumption that the politics of the former are inherently “prefigurative” in nature. Youth politics can often actually be quite conservative, however, as can be observed in contemporary Nicaragua, where rather than attempting to “change the world” in the way that previous militant youth generations were famously associated with, current Sandinista youth activists engage primarily in forms of neo‐patrimonial clientelism. At the same time, the evolving experience of everyday political action by university educated youth in Uttar Pradesh, India highlights how economic endeavours can, under certain circumstances, become a form of politics, often of a more transformative variety than classic forms of collective mobilization. The comparison of Nicaragua and India thus highlights the critical importance of considering the wider environment within which youth mobilize and take action in order to understand how and why particular political “ontologics” emerge.