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ABSTRACT We analyze the impacts of migration and of labor market integration on the distribution of skills and the wage structure in both the short and the long run. To do so, we develop a framework where workers have heterogeneous skills and where in‐migration expands the range of available skills in the economy. In the short run, this expansion leads to productivity gains, which may more than offset the negative endowment effects of a larger labor supply so that all workers may be better off. In the long run, in‐migration impacts wages further by altering the workers' incentives to acquire skills, thereby affecting the wage structure indirectly by changing the economy's skill composition. Since the short and the long‐run effects of in‐migration on wages may differ, compositional changes may be an important element to take into consideration. A numerical illustration calibrated on U.S. data suggests that the immigration of skilled workers negatively affects the incentives for domestic skill formation, thereby suggesting that endowment effects dominate externalities. We finally extend the model to cope with the simultaneous impacts that migration and skill formation have on the host and the source region, and we show that more migration increases wage disparities and the skill gap across regions. 相似文献
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Hajime Sato 《政策研究杂志》2002,30(1):29-46
The termination of a policy is often considered an important step for correcting existing policies and allocating resources efficiently. Scientific advances, for example, may make the existing policy obsolete and unjustifiable. Delay in terminating a flawed policy may result in increasing its harm. In many cases, however, it is suggested that inertia and other obstacles must be overcome before a termination can be accomplished. Health policy is no exception to these findings.
The isolation of leprosy patients, a practice introduced early in this century, was maintained in Japan even after it proved scientifically unnecessary. It was only after a few decades of inertia and political struggles that the policy was abolished. As can be seen in previous studies in the other domains, a set of obstacles, such as intellectual reluctance, opposition of vested interests, and bias in expert opinions, existed, and hampered the timely termination of the isolation policy. Over a long time, policy adaptation was gradually made in practice through the loose administration of policy. It was only by the leadership of a skillful terminator that the issue was finally brought to the forefront, consensus achieved among key actors, and the policy abolished. 相似文献
The isolation of leprosy patients, a practice introduced early in this century, was maintained in Japan even after it proved scientifically unnecessary. It was only after a few decades of inertia and political struggles that the policy was abolished. As can be seen in previous studies in the other domains, a set of obstacles, such as intellectual reluctance, opposition of vested interests, and bias in expert opinions, existed, and hampered the timely termination of the isolation policy. Over a long time, policy adaptation was gradually made in practice through the loose administration of policy. It was only by the leadership of a skillful terminator that the issue was finally brought to the forefront, consensus achieved among key actors, and the policy abolished. 相似文献
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Shohei Sato 《The Journal of imperial and commonwealth history》2017,45(4):697-719
The end of the British Empire in the mid-twentieth century was accompanied by a large-scale rearrangement of sensitive colonial records worldwide. A great number of these records were destroyed and a sizeable portion sent to Britain to be kept secret. This article advances studies of this policy, eventually code-named ‘Operation Legacy’, by reading the ‘migrated archives’ that have been newly discovered and declassified in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) 141 series. It asks where the policy was decided, for what reason and how it was carried out. Sources suggest that the policy was not planned in the Colonial Office in London and delivered to the colonies in a hierarchical fashion, but, rather, significant elements of the policy were developed in the colonial governments overseas in response to each local context. The general idea was to save Britain’s honour and to protect its collaborators. However, the limitations in terms of time and manpower often prevented the officers from putting sufficient thought into the actual screening of the documents. At the same time, some officers demonstrated a level of historical awareness regarding their actions. The episode reminds us that the official mind as it relates to decolonisation is to be understood not only by reference to the highest levels of strategic planning but also in terms of how it worked at the lower levels, in the colonial administrations on the ground. 相似文献
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Noriko Sato 《History & Anthropology》2013,24(2):141-155
This article examines how the prevailing understanding of “terrorism” and contemporary Israeli military operations against the Palestinians provides different religious groups in Syria with a common ground on which to base their claim to share in the national identity. State‐sponsored nationalism is not the only source for establishing a unified community. Syrian Christians use their political protest against the Israeli operations to reinforce their attempts to reconstruct national history, based on biblical references, with the aim of claiming that their religious history is part of national history. This transformation from religious to secular identity reduces the risks against Christians being set apart from the rest of the population and, hence, serves to insure their position in society as well as maintaining their own group identity. 相似文献
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K. Inoue W. Takigawa M. Sato M. Kumagai Y. Dodo K. Katayama 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2005,15(3):186-195
Palaeopathology helps to define the migration of past diseases. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of spondyloarthropathy (SpA). We report skeletal remains with SpA from the Jomon period in Japan. The skeleton is of a female who died at a young adult age. The skeleton had characteristic features seen in SpA as follows: (1) polyarticular arthritis; (2) erosions accompanying some bone formation; (3) enthesial ossification; and (4) periostitis in lower long bones. The findings suggest that SpA was present in prehistoric Japan before contact with European civilisation, and the present example of SpA is the oldest in Asia and the Old World. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jin Sato 《Development and change》2000,31(1):155-177
The analysis of ‘ambiguous lands’ and the people who inhabit them is most revealing for understanding environmental deterioration in Thailand. ‘Ambiguous lands’ are those which are legally owned by the state, but are used and cultivated by local people. Land with an ambiguous property status attracts many different actors: villagers hungry for unoccupied arable lands in the frontiers; government departments looking for new project sites; and conservation agencies searching for new areas to be protected. This article shows, first, how two types of ambiguous land — state‐owned but privately‐cultivated land, and communal lands — were created. It then examines how the Karen, one of the hill peoples living on the ambiguous lands, have been struggling to survive between the forces of capitalistic development and forest conservation. Using a detailed study of forest use and dependency conducted in two Karen villages, I argue that the state’s efforts to reduce the Karen’s forest dependency, or even to evict them from the forests, are not leading to the stated objective of conservation. Finally, I draw some wider implications with reference to James Scott’s thesis on state simplification. 相似文献
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Shoichi Sato 《Early Medieval Europe》2000,9(2):143-161
A little fewer than thirty Merovingian accounting documents which originated from the Abbey of St Martin of Tours, though fragmentary, provide for the historians of early medieval Europe an unexpected tool with which the latter could cast a new light over actual conditions in tribute collection and the management system for the fiscal administration of the abbey. The present article asks some basic questions about these accounting documents in the hope of casting further light on their form and function: which form did take the documents while they had been used for the collection of dues? At which stage of collecting procedure they served in the abbey as a tool for the keeping of records? When was each document prepared? In which historical context could be placed the birth of fiscal document of the abbey? All of these question are important for an understanding of the history of St Martin's of Tours and of the use of documents in general in the Merovingian era. 相似文献
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Hajime Sato 《政策研究杂志》1999,27(1):28-44
This study examined the process of smoking control policymaking in Japan, employing the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and the Policy Process Analysis (PPA). In the view of the ACF, changes in policies and policymaking are explained as resulting from the emergence of, and the competition among, two advocacy coalitions, either protobacco or antitobacco. On the other hand, the PPA conceives of the process of policy change as a set of processes and gives a closer look into the important aspects of policymaking that the ACF does not well examine. 相似文献