云冈石窟石质文物表面污染物清洗效果检测技术实验

云冈石窟长年暴露于自然界风化环境中,以及近些年来,周围煤矿的开采带来的环境污染,极大地影响及危害云冈石窟石雕艺术品的价值及保存,影响云冈石雕文物的有效寿命.为此,通过对云冈石窟三种典型的污染物、粉尘、烟熏及表面结垢进行清洗实验,并采用色差仪、显微视频成像仪及三维形貌仪对清洗效果进行检测,特别的是三维形貌对加固样品和空白样品的形貌变化比较分析,得出样品的显微形态及表面粗糙度数据,对文物的“最少人为干预”和“不改变文物原状”原则的评价给予了支持,为石质文物清洗效果评估提供了新的方法.     

GIS与人文地理学的发展

本文初步分析了GIS兴起的背景及其主要功能,在剖析信息社会中人文地理学发展所面临的机遇和挑战基础上,就GIS在人文地理学中的作用和发展方向进行了阐述,并就加速GIS与人文地理学的结合提出了几点对策。     

中国的"村上春树热"

中国当代文学受到市场经济和西方现代派的双重影响呈多元化的走向。日本纯文学作家村上春树的创作准确地反映了当今社会,特别是生活在繁华都市的青年人的精神世界。村上作品的出现不仅给日本文坛带来震撼,也给多元化的中国文坛带来了新的气息。其作品独特的艺术魅力、特别是西化的思想性引起了当代中国年轻一代的共鸣。中国的“村上春树热”现象说明中国的当代文学已日趋接近西方现代艺术的潮流,同时也向中国作家提出了挑战,要求我们的作家进行新的探索和尝试,创作出既受读者欢迎,又有高度艺术性的文学作品。     

智利硝石业的发展与早期现代化

由于智利硝石业具有比较大的"联系效应"和智利政府政策选择得当,从而推动了智利早期现代化取得了较为显著的成效。为论证这一观点,本文着重讲述了太平洋战争之后智利硝石业的发展状况,分析了智利硝石业所具有的"联系效应"及其对早期现代化的带动作用,强调了智利政府在选择开发和利用硝石以及保护关税政策方面发挥的主观能动性。对智利硝石业"联系效应"的分析和对智利政府选择正确政策方面的探讨是本文①的创新之处。     

Subsistence and the isotopic signature of herding in the Bronze Age Hexi Corridor,NW Gansu,China

Dietary patterns at two Bronze Age sites in the Hexi Corridor are investigated by the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in faunal bone collagen. The findings are compared with archaeobotanical remains from one of the sites which include high proportions of millet (Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica) as well as the western derived cereals wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa). The isotopic data indicate domestic omnivores (Canis and Sus) had diets dominated by millet. Minimally offset δ¹⁵N values between herbivore and omnivore fauna suggest low consumption of animal protein by omnivores. Diets of herded animal (Bos and Caprinae) included only low proportions of C4 foods, suggesting that these animals were not regularly foddered with millet plants, and that their grazing areas were mostly beyond the agricultural zone. The wide range in δ¹⁵N values amongst herbivore fauna (4.1‰–11.8‰) suggests grazing occurred in a variety of ecological zones, and this would be consistent with the occurrence of long-distance transport of livestock in the region.     

The paleolithic site of Longwangchan in the middle Yellow River,China: chronology,paleoenvironment and implications

The Longwangchan Paleolithic site, situated on the Yellow River terraces in the Hukou area, Shaanxi province, China, was found in 2003–2004, and two areas (Localities 1 and 2) of the site were excavated in 2005–2008. Abundant stone artifacts including microliths, a grinding stone fragment and a shovel, with some animal bones and shells, were recovered from Locality 1. In this study, the cultural deposits from Locality 1 were dated using radiocarbon and optical dating techniques, and the sediment properties of the deposits were analyzed. The results show that the age of the deposits ranges from 29 to 21 ka and most of them were deposited between 25 ka and 29 ka. This indicates that corresponds to late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and early MIS 2. During the human occupation period, the climate in this area became colder and drier. Sediments from beds where the grinding slab and the shovel were found were dated to ∼25 ka, which is the oldest among the grinding stones found in China. The microliths and the grinding stone are important evidence for an incipient socio-economic process that eventually led to the regional transition from hunting-foraging to farming.     

店子头早期遗存人类食物浅议

本文通过对店子头早期遗存的遗物梳理,简略复原出该遗址新石器人类活动时期的自然环境与经济结构,进而对其食物来源作出了一个基本的蠡测,认为店子头遗址早期人类的生产活动,主要是狩猎和捕捞,其次是挖掘与收割。渔猎和采集,是店子头遗址早期遗存的基本经济类型。其食物结构由两种物质组成,一种为纤维淀粉质类,一种为脂肪蛋白类。这两类食物均来源于大自然的赐予,而非人为的驯养和垦殖。     

早期楚文化探索中的几个问题

本文就早期楚文化探索中紧密相关而亟待解决的早期楚国与楚族、早期楚都、楚式鬲及早期楚文化面貌、性质等问题进行了学术史的回顾与思考,就今后早期楚文化探索的思路与方法提出了几点建议。     

历史时期武陵山区丹砂产地分布及其变迁

历史时期武陵山区丹砂产地的分布经历了由产地不具体,到产区形成、迅速扩展及小有扩展的历史过程;产区数量从有明确记载的秦汉魏晋南北朝至隋的1州,到唐宋增至7州,至元明清再增为8州;产区中心从秦汉魏晋南北朝至隋朝的今渝东南,至唐宋转移到今湘西地区再到明清又转移至今黔东北地区。武陵山区丹砂产地分布的历史变迁,从一个侧面反映了当时本区丹砂生产的历史进程。丹砂产地分布变迁是多种因素共同作用的结果,如丹砂资源的主导,社会经济的发展,交通和商贸,以及丹砂勘探和开采技术的影响等。