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251.
东汉时期出土的镇墓文中,天帝使者是最常见的发信者称谓,同时画像石及墓葬壁画中也发现了一些持节使者的图像,二者具有一定的相似性,都是东汉初期道教活动的反映。本文对镇墓文中天帝使者的身份及其与天帝、地下冥神、死者灵魂之间的关系进行了分析。同时也对墓葬图像中的持节使者形象与天界及死者灵魂的关系作了类似的分析,并与镇墓文中天帝使者作了对比。  相似文献   
252.
<正>4月16日,由陕西历史博物馆与韩国国立庆州博物馆联合举办的纪念友好交流10周年——中国陕西历史博物馆文物精品展在韩国国立庆州博物馆隆重开幕。这是陕西历史博物馆第一次独立举办外展,也是韩国国立庆州博物馆第一次举办陕西的文物展览。国立庆州博物馆是韩国仅次于国立中央博物馆的第二大博物馆,位于韩国千年古都庆州。陕西历史博物馆自2002年起与国立庆州博物馆进行友好馆交流,迄今已经10年。双方在博物馆现代化管理、学术研究、文保科技等方面进行了  相似文献   
253.
上海博物馆早年入藏了一件伯弘父盨,器形和文字从未发表过。通过对器物类型学和纹饰的研究,可以确定时代在西周中期。器盖同铭共有二十七个字,记载了在二月初吉丁卯日这一天,伯弘父作器在宗庙里宴飨宾客。青铜盨自名为"(米丩)"还是首次发现,此字应该是"簋"的异体字。这件器物对于研究青铜盨形制的发展、自名的演变以及西周时期的礼制都有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   
254.
2012~2013年度陕西神木石峁遗址出土动物遗存研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对2012~2013年陕北神木石峁遗址出土的大量动物遗存,按照考古遗迹单位进行了收集、分类、测量和鉴定.通过系统的分类和研究表明该遗址最少有15个属种,包括扬子鳄、环颈雉、褐家鼠、中华鼢鼠、草原鼢鼠、草兔、狗、马、家猪、山羊、绵羊和黄牛.根据对出土动物骨骼的分析结果表明:当时遗址周围是一个以草原为主,不远处有小片树林,草原和树林间有一定的水域,周围有沙漠的环境.经济类型是半农半牧形式,家养动物是石峁人的主要肉食来源,野生动物仅起着补充作用.  相似文献   
255.
    
Drawing on data from the 2006 China General Social Survey, propensity score matching was used to investigate the impact of rural-to-urban migration on family and gender values in China at distinct stages of the migratory process. Little evidence of ideational difference is found between rural natives who intend to migrate to urban areas and those who intend to stay in rural China. However, rural-to-urban migration has significant, diverse and gendered impacts on various domains of family and gender values at distinct migratory stages. The results also cast light on the important roles played by hukou status and various forms of socioeconomic and cultural status, such as education and occupation, in mediating the impact of rural-to-urban migration on family and gender values. The ideational impact of migration is shown to be shaped by China’s distinctive institutional features.  相似文献   
256.
    
Here we report the bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotopic results of humans (n = 33) and animals (n = 58) to reconstruct the dietary practices of an early Qin population dating to the Zhou Dynasty (Late Western–Early Eastern period ca. 700–400 BC ) at the Xishan site in Gansu Province, China. The humans have a very large range of δ13C (−23.3‰ to −7.1‰) and δ15N (4.3‰ to 10.9‰) values which reflects extraordinarily diverse diets and included individuals with predominately C3 as well as those with exclusive C4 diets. This wide span of isotopic results produced a subtle linear trend (R2 = 0.62) in the human data, which paralleled the animals across the C3 and C4 environmental gradient. However, the majority of the individuals had a predominately C4 diet based on millet with δ15N results only slightly elevated above the animals, except for the pigs and cattle. This is evidence that many of the animals were likely used for their secondary products, labour or as sacrificial offerings and that pork and beef were the main sources of animal protein for the population. High status individuals had elevated δ15N values (10.2 ± 0.6‰) compared to medium (8.9 ± 0.3‰) and lower status (8.8 ± 0.8‰) individuals, possibly related to increased animal protein in the diet. Differences related to gender were also found with females having elevated δ13C (−11.2 ± 1.9‰) and δ15N (9.4 ± 0.8‰) values compared to the males (δ13C = −14.1 ± 4.2‰; δ15N = 7.9 ± 1.9‰), but these results necessitate caution given the large number of individuals that could not be sexed. The results of this study support the view that the early Qin people were a more sedentary society focused on millet agriculture and animal husbandry, and that they were influenced by the pre‐existing populations of the central Gansu region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
257.
    
Here, we present δ13C and δ15N results for the dietary reconstruction of nomadic pastoralists from the Iron Age (ca. 1000 bc –8 ad ) site of Heigouliang. The human (n = 27) δ13C values range from −19.6‰ to −17.0‰ with a mean value of −18.5 ± 0.5‰, and the δ15N results range from 11.5‰ to 13.8‰ with a mean value of 12.4 ± 0.6‰. The results indicated that animals, like sheep, were part of the predominately C3 terrestrial diet, but two individuals have values greater than −18‰ that is indicative of some input of C4 foods in their diets. Because of a lack of faunal samples and to supply complementary information concerning plant consumption, teeth from four individuals were analysed for dental calculus microfossils. Starch grains were found to correspond to Triticeae and Poaceae, possibly including wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), highland barley (H. vulgare L var. nudum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and/or common millet (Panicum miliaceum). At the population level, no dietary differences were detected between burial owners and sacrificial victims, but variations were found when specific tombs were analysed. In particular, individuals with bone trauma associated with armed conflict also had distinct isotopic signatures possibly suggesting that some of the sacrificial victims could have been captured warriors that were sacrificed for the burial owners. While limited, the results are some of the first from an Iron Age population from Xinjiang and contribute to our understanding of the dietary patterns of this region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
258.
地理学的基本规律   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
地理学有三个基本规律:一,地域分异规律,包括纬度地带性、经度地带性、垂直地带性和非地带性;二,地域综合规律,包括距离衰减规律和区域系统规律;三,地域发展规律,包括地理环境周期性发展和人地关系发展阶段性.这些规律既涉及自然过程,又涉及社会过程,许多重大的历史事件,如文明古国的出现,东亚经济起飞,我国开放政策,在地域上都受地理学基本规律的影响.  相似文献   
259.
朝班是朝会的基础,也是官员品秩及尊卑等差的直接体现。明初,朝班专准品级,其后兼隆侍从,又移于权势,改于因循,出现了次序参错,班行混淆的现象。班序的紊乱,直观地反映了政治情势的变迁。本文对明代朝班做了框架式的描述,并且分析了朝班变化的特点以及造成其变化的原因。  相似文献   
260.
Millet agriculture originated in Northern China in the early Neolithic period (ca. 8000 BP), however, the actual importance of millet in human diets is still not clear. To determine the relative contribution of millet in human diets in this period we undertook stable isotope analysis of humans from Xiaojingshan site and fauna from Yuezhuang site, both of which are attributed to the Houli Culture and date to about 8000 years ago. The carbon isotope values of human bone collagen showed that millet (as a C4 plant) only contributed approximately 25% of dietary protein, with the rest from C3 based plant and animal sources, if a simple mixing model is used. We did not observe any statistical dietary difference between males and females at the site, although it has been argued that the Houli Culture was a matriarchal society. Finally, we compared our data with other published isotopic data from the contemporary Jiahu site and Xinglongwa site and a number of sites from the subsequent Yangshao Culture and found that millet only became a significant source of dietary protein approximately 1000 years later, as human carbon isotope values from these later sites indicated that almost all of dietary protein came from C4 (i.e. millet) sources.  相似文献   
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