环境管制措施对区域环境与贸易的约束效应

环境管制是指各国在国际贸易中为了实现环境与贸易的协调关系,以环保为目的而采取的贸易限制措施,主要包括课征环境进口附加税、限制或禁止进出口、推行国内加工和生产方法、实行环境标志制度、政府环境补贴等5种类型。本文总结了在全球化背景下环境管制措施产生的原因及施行内容,在此基础上就其对区域环境与贸易的约束效应做了分析,旨在为我国突破"绿色壁垒"提供警示和借鉴。     

光纤反射光谱在彩绘文物颜料鉴别中的应用研究

光纤反射光谱是一种完全无损的颜料鉴别方法,适合用于精美珍贵的彩绘文物颜料工艺研究。光纤反射光谱在国际文物研究领域已成为一种较成熟的方法,而国内由于缺乏反射光谱数据库限制了其应用。因此,本研究探讨了颜料颗粒度和产地对反射光谱的影响,对蓝色系、绿色系、红色系和黄色系颜料的反射光谱特征进行归纳总结,并将其用于故宫博物院建筑彩画和书画文物的颜料分析中,证明光纤反射光谱确实是一种快速有效的颜料分析方法。     

云霞洒满纸神笔发浩歌——读萨仁图娅的长篇传记《尹湛纳希》

本文是关于蒙古族著名作家萨仁图娅长篇传记<尹湛纳希>的评论文章.重点介绍了尹湛纳希的文学成就及个人魅力;作者成功创作<尹湛纳希>的心路历程;作品的主要内容和艺术特色.     

Application of Kernel Density Estimates to Lead Isotope Compositions of Bronzes from Ningxia,North‐West China

The aim of this paper is to apply kernel density estimates (KDEs) to the visualization and interpretation of lead isotope data from bronze assemblages found along the northern border of central China, here designated as the Arc. New lead isotope analyses of 30 leaded tin–bronze artefacts from the Wangdahu cemetery (c.500–300 bc ) in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, north‐west China, provide the basis for the discussion. By using multivariate KDEs and the calculated likelihood of the overlap, the present work shows that the Wangdahu objects feature a unique linear array of isotope ratios, representing an important element of overall bronzes from the Arc in the first millennium bc . This characteristic isotope signature is fundamentally different from that of Dajing ores in north‐east China, as well from that of early Qin bronzes in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. This suggests that a variety of metal resources were utilized by peoples living in the Arc. The KDE approach thus proves effective at presenting and comparing lead isotope data.     

THE LOVELY PEOPLE ON THE PLATEAU——AN INTERVIEW ON CHARITY PROGRAMS IN YUSHU

<正>Three years ago,I was supposed to join a charity organization in Yushu,Qinghai,as a teacher.I had to drop that idea due to a few issues I had,but I never stop thinking about them.I feel sorry for not being there as I promised I would,I continually hope that I can do something for them.That is why I started an interview with Xu Guilan,     

论中国古代海关的起源、布局与体系演化

自西周起,中国形成了藩属体制和海外朝贡贸易关系,为监管中原地区内部及与各藩部、蕃属国间的经济交往,各朝代产生了关津、榷场、市舶等多种组织。它们虽在类型上划为内地之关、藩部之关和蕃国之关,在空间上形成圈层布局结构,但其监管跨区域或对外经济交往的行为本质均与现代海关相通。16世纪,欧洲诸国率先撤除国内税关,建立统一国境海关。近代中国被动纳入以西方为中心的国际秩序以后,在沿海、沿边、沿江等地不断创设洋人代管的国境新关,国内固有常关也逐渐被改造。1931年,中国陆、海相统一的国境海关体制最终确立,标志着延续了两千余年的传统税关体系彻底瓦解。     

Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR)

Both space and time are fundamental in human activities as well as in various physical processes. Spatiotemporal analysis and modeling has long been a major concern of geographical information science (GIScience), environmental science, hydrology, epidemiology, and other research areas. Although the importance of incorporating the temporal dimension into spatial analysis and modeling has been well recognized, challenges still exist given the complexity of spatiotemporal models. Of particular interest in this article is the spatiotemporal modeling of local nonstationary processes. Specifically, an extension of geographically weighted regression (GWR), geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR), is developed in order to account for local effects in both space and time. An efficient model calibration approach is proposed for this statistical technique. Using a 19‐year set of house price data in London from 1980 to 1998, empirical results from the application of GTWR to hedonic house price modeling demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority to the traditional GWR approach, highlighting the importance of temporally explicit spatial modeling.     

肃慎族研究分类综述——近现代篇

关于肃慎族的研究,限于眼界,至今未见专门的综述文章,对于学界来说,这不能不说是一种憾事.任何学术研究的通例,达成以下三项才为正途.亦即:其一:搜集资料,务求齐全;其二:阅读资料,了解研究动态;其三:研读史料,经分析综合得出结论.本人不揣浅陋,拟亡羊补牢.此文按照研究主题分类,专门就我国近现代肃慎族的研究动态进行综合叙述,以期揭示肃慎人研究的研究状况.至于清代以前对肃慎的认识和研究情况,限于篇幅,另文详述.     

山西省右玉县善家堡墓地文化因素分析

右玉县位于山西省朔州市的西北部,秦初称善无,西汉时为雁门郡治,东汉时为定襄郡治,历来是内蒙古进出晋北黄土高原的要道.     

论美国与中法建交的关系

1964年1月27日,中法宣布建交。在美国看来,法国承认中国不仅影响其遏制中国的战略前景,而且严重损害美国在印度支那地区的实际利益。为了阻止中法建交,美国采取了三项措施:阻止法国同中国建交;压迫台湾不主动同法国断交;胁迫其他盟国不追随法国的行动。美国的这些举措,虽然在局部上取得了一时的成效,但收效甚微,根本无法抵挡中法建交在战后世界格局变化中产生的重大影响,更不可能实现其企图阻止中国国际地位逐渐提高的目标。中法建交不仅符合两国人民的利益,从根本上也有助于维护亚洲地区乃至世界的和平。美国从遏制战略出发制定的阻挠中法建交的政策,自然无法避免其必然失败的命运。