新中国成立以来内蒙古生态环境变迁个案研究——喀喇沁旗王爷府镇大富裕沟村生态环境变迁及其原因

大富裕沟村位于内蒙古赤峰市西南部山区,20世纪40年代以前,这里植被茂密,生态环境较好。六七十年代,生态环境遭到严重破坏,村民的生产生活陷入困境。90年代以后,被破坏的生态环境得以逆转。该村生态环境由好变坏的原因:其一是人口增加超过了生态环境的承受极限,其二是传统的农牧业生产方式和相对应的生活方式在人口达到环境承受的极限后成为破坏环境的人类活动模式。该村生态环境由坏变好的原因:其一是计划生育政策和城镇化引发的人口大幅度减少,从而减轻了生态环境的压力;其二是现代化的生产和生活方式大大减少了人类活动对资源的索取,其三得益于70年代开始的对生态环境的不遗余力的保护政策和措施。     

我国旅游产业综合竞争力:理论分析、测度体系与实证评价

本文在厘清旅游产业潜力和竞争力关系的基础上,将二者纳入统一的分析框架,通过构建适当的测度体系对旅游产业综合竞争力进行实证评价。研究发现,我国旅游产业综合竞争力包含了竞争绩效、产业潜力和技术效率三个维度;旅游产业综合竞争力及其维度基本呈现出东部较强、中西部较弱的态势,这一分布状态也基本与当前我国经济和社会综合发展状况的分布态势相吻合;旅游产业综合竞争力三个维度中,技术效率对旅游产业综合竞争力的挖掘和未来发展具有最为突出的推动性和影响力。     

1547年英国摄政改革初探

摄政制度是君主制国家中的一项重要政治制度,是在国王不能理政时期代行国王权力的一种制度.英国摄政制度经过近500年的发展,最终于1937年以成文法的形式确立.都铎中期是摄政制度的形成时期.亨利八世通过议会立法和遗嘱拟定了爱德华六世时期的摄政形式,但是,依据死去国王的授权来统治国家在现实中是难以推行的.爱德华六世继位以后,遗嘱执行委员会发起了一场摄政改革,以探求摄政的形式和摄政者合法性的来源,并最终制定了单一摄政者的摄政形式.这种摄政形式在爱德华六世时期被认为是合法且可行的,并得到了后世的继承.1547年摄政改革开启了都铎后期的政治制度变革,并成为有限王权体制的重要组成部分.     

试论钱穆与胡适的交谊及其学术论争

在中国现代学术思想史上,钱穆与胡适是两种不同类型的学者,一个是新文化运动的领袖,西化派的代表人物;一个是传统史学派的大家、文化民族主义史学的代表人物。本文以钱穆眼中的胡适为切入点,分析了不同时期两人的学术关联及其文化观的异同,认为钱穆对胡适的评价经历了一个由尊崇到疏离再到公开批评的转变过程,研究这个转变过程,对于20世纪的中国学术思想史而言,应是一件有意义的事。     

Revisiting the South Korean developmental state after the 1997 financial crisis

This study reassesses the conventional wisdom surrounding the developmental state of South Korea (hereafter Korea) since the 1997 Korean financial crisis. The conventional wisdom is that, as a result of the continued structural reforms prompted by the crisis, the Korean developmental state, inherently characterised by active or direct state intervention, strong economic and industrial policies, the chaebol-oriented economic policy, and labour exclusion, has finally begun to dissolve in earnest. In this study, we have considered whether that is really the case and also which theoretical implications can be drawn from this consideration. Analysis of the Korean developmental state following the 1997 crisis has indicated that, quite contrary to conventional wisdom, the developmental state has continued to prevail as a core policy framework of the Korean administrations even after the crisis. There is no doubt that the continued structural and market reform after the crisis certainly undermined the Korean developmental state to a certain degree, but that does not mean the beginning of the end of the Korean developmental state at all. For much evidence strongly indicates that the Korean developmental state still remains intact and strong despite the structural reforms, on account of the successive Korean governments’ assiduous and deliberate efforts to maintain and reinforce it. Even after the crisis, the Kim Dae-Jung and post-Kim regimes have hardly abandoned many of their market interventionist policies. Such market interventionist policies, which were routinely practised under the military regime in the 1960s and 1970s, diametrically contravene the argument that the Korean developmental state has begun to dissolve as a result of structural reform after the 1997 crisis. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the Korean developmental state persists as usual. All this information, then, suggests that path dependence is in action in the case of the Korean developmental state, and this suggests a further hypothesis that the Korean developmental state is very likely to persist in the future as well, despite increasing globalisation pressure, given the strong path dependence.     

南宋著名诗人范成大“陂陀天海”砚考

家藏古砚中有一方墨渍满面的歙砚,镌＂持节风霜十九年＂铭,刻苏武牧羊像和＂山中＂＂居士＂印款的石砚。清洗观赏后方感到砚石的纹理奇而美,便萌生考证之念。     

Spatial–temporal distribution and geographic context of Neolithic cultural sites in the Hanjiang River Basin,Southern Shaanxi,China

Understanding how to live successfully within our environment is among the most pressing challenges facing contemporary society. This paper probes the problem based on comparative analysis and discusses the relationship between the spatial–temporal distribution of the Neolithic cultural sites and the geographic context in the Hanjiang River Basin in the south of Shaanxi Province, China. Archaeological studies have identified 175 Neolithic cultural sites in the study area, with a sequence of Laoguantai (¹⁴C age 8–7 ka BP), Yangshao (¹⁴C age 7–5 ka BP) and the late period of the Neolithic Age (¹⁴C age 5–4 ka BP). The total number of archaeological sites, the distribution area and the density all showed an early ascending and later descending trend, but the proportion of the number of archaeological sites in the study area to the corresponding value of the entire Shaanxi Province declined sharply. Spatially, these sites were concentrated on the terraces of the Hanjiang River and its main tributaries with an altitude of 400–800 m. Multiple data were integrated to clarify the critical effects of tectonic and geomorphologic conditions on the distribution of the Neolithic sites. Further comparisons revealed the correlation of Holocene climate change and environmental evolution with the Neolithic cultural succession in the study area that ameliorated conditions to generally promote the development of the primitive culture while degeneration coincided with the culture's transition or interruption. The discussion on the origin of the primitive culture and the temporal–spatial distribution corresponding to the regional culture differentiation sheds light on the complex and dynamic human–nature interaction system during the Neolithic Age, thus emphasising the wider field-based investigation and high-resolution reconstruction works of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the future.     

Phylogenetic analysis of a new fossil Notonectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from the Late Jurassic of China

Zhang W.T., Yao Y.Z. & Ren D., June 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of a new fossil Notonectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from the Late Jurassic of China. Alcheringa, 239–250. ISSN 0311-5518.

A new fossil species Notonecta vetula sp. nov. is described and illustrated using nymph and adult fossil specimens collected from the Upper Jurassic Chijinqiao Formation, Yumen City, Gansu Province, China. A phylogenetic analysis, based on a combination of fossil and extant backswimmers, was conducted to confirm the position of the new fossil within the Notonectidae.

Wei-ting Zhang [zhangweitinghao@163.com], Yun-zhi Yao* [yaoyz100@gmail.com] and Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn], Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China; *Corresponding author; also affiliated with: State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China. Received 13.7.2011; revised 19.9.2011, accepted 27.9.2011.     

大光明电影院与近代上海社会文化

创建于1928年的上海大光明电影院,以好莱坞电影和西方现代主义的建筑装饰,迎合并引领上海民众推崇西方娱乐方式和文化,带动电影院成为近代上海摩登生活的文化地标。以大光明为代表的电影院,并非仅仅彰显娱乐功能。事实上,近代电影院显示出超越电影放映场所的多元功能。作为 "影片—影院—社会"这一信息传播链的中间环节,大光明电影院通过对好莱坞文化的传播刺激着上海社会对好莱坞元素的消费和再生产;同时,近代上海社会的民族主义、族群意识甚至政治风云也影响人们对电影的评价和对影院空间的态度。