Phytoliths and microcharcoal at Jinluojia archeological site in middle reaches of Yangtze River indicative of paleoclimate and human activity during the last 3000 years

A variety of phytoliths, together with prolific microcharcoal particles, sponge spicules and diatoms were extracted and identified in four cultural layers from an archeological site at Jinluojia, Macheng, Hubei Province, Central China. The warmth (Iw) and aridity (Iph) indices calculated from grass phytoliths reveal warm and wet periods during the West Zhou, early East Zhou, Tang and Song Dynasties whilst cool and dry periods occurred during the late East Zhou, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The paleoclimate conditions reconstructed on the basis of grass phytoliths extracted from archeological sediments are in agreement with those from natural sediments in the Middle Yangtze region. In contrast, the woody phytoliths show a positive correlation with microcharcoal particles, suggesting an anthropogenic contribution to the woody phytoliths from the use of woody plants for fuel during cooking and heating. Two episodes of the enhanced abundance of woody phytoliths and microcharcoal particles were found to occur at East Zhou Dynasty and from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Present, proposed to be a consequence of the population expansion and/or the frequent wars.     

Culture,emotional transnationalism and mental distress: family relations and well-being among Taiwanese immigrant women

Immigrant women's vulnerability to mental distress has been recognized in the literature and yet the socio-cultural causes of their distress have rarely been explored. On the basis of a case study of Taiwanese immigrants residing in Chicago, this article illustrates the dynamic contexts within which Taiwanese immigrant women's distress is produced at home and explains the social and cultural factors that engender the women's distress. In this article I argue that Taiwanese immigrant women frequently shift back and forth between Taiwanese and American cultural norms in an effort to apply effective behavioral guidance and justifications to interactions with their spouses, children and in-laws. The term ‘emotional transnationalism’ is used to describe the psychological experience associated with transnational cultural practices. Distress is often generated as these women struggle with feelings of ambivalence and contradictions that confront them in their search for cultural identities. The severity of distress is largely determined by the power hierarchies between women and those with whom they interact. Married women's status as subordinate to their in-laws creates more negative experiences than any other status.     

晚唐五代宋时期敦煌石窟贤愚经变研究

敦煌石窟依据《贤愚经》绘制的故事画,在早期洞窟中就已经出现了,如第275、254、257、285、296等窟,这种现象一直延续到隋代。初唐至吐蕃占领时期,此类故事画在洞窟中消失。而到了晚唐五代宋时期,依据《贤愚经》绘制的屏风画出现在第85、98、108、146、55等洞窟壁画的下方,形成了完整意义上的贤愚经变。本文从艺术特色、内容取舍等方面对敦煌石窟中的贤愚经变进行了比较,并尝试分析贤愚经变入绘洞窟的原因及作用。     

《集古录跋尾》的文献学考察

今本<集古录跋尾>凡十卷,有跋尾四百二十篇,其内容"不独为玩好而已"(<集古录跋尾>卷八<唐韩愈黄陵庙碑>,以下引用此书只标明卷数、篇名),"因并载夫可与史传正其阙谬者,以传后学,庶益于多闻"①.可见,订正史传、补充史料确是其集古题跋的宗旨和核心内容.顾炎武曰:     

从地理空间到复合式空间——信息网络影响下的城市空间

分析了城市在地理空间、网络空间上存在的相互依赖关系以及这二者之间复杂作用关系,说明网络空间并非地理上城市空间功能的简单延伸,也并非现实空间的简单镜像;信息社会的城市空间是一种地理空间与网络空间相互依存、相互交织的复合式空间。城市空间仍然具有重要的地理学意义,地缘上的差异以新的方式体现出来。     

Iceland and the Nordic Model of Consensus Democracy

The Nordic countries – including Iceland – have been portrayed in the political-science literature as consensual democracies, enjoying a high degree of legitimacy and institutional mechanisms which favour consensus-building over majority rule and adversarial politics. In this explorative article the author argues that consensus politics, meaning policy concertation between major interest groups in society, a tendency to form broad coalitions in important political issues and a significant cooperation between government and opposition in Parliament, is not an apt term to describe the political reality in Iceland during the second half of the 20th century. Icelandic democracy is better described as more adversarial than consensual in style and practice. The labour market was rife with conflict and strikes more frequent than in Europe, resulting in strained government–trade union relationship. Secondly, Iceland did not share the Nordic tradition of power-sharing or corporatism as regards labour market policies or macro-economic policy management, primarily because of the weakness of Social Democrats and the Left in general. Thirdly, the legislative process did not show a strong tendency towards consensus-building between government and opposition with regard to government seeking consultation or support for key legislation. Fourthly, the political style in legislative procedures and public debate in general tended to be adversarial rather than consensual in nature.     

民初北京画坛的双子星座——姚华与陈师曾

民国初年,一批富有革新精神的南方画家客居北京,给因循守旧的北京画界带来一股新风。其中姚华和陈师曾并称"姚陈",被公认为北京画坛领袖。他们志同道合,互相影响,密切配合,并肩奋斗,在绘画创作、艺术理论和美术教育等领域都取得了卓著成就,为中国画的复兴和繁荣作出了重要贡献,堪称民初北京画坛的双子星座。     

太平天国战争后浙江省开化县的血吸虫病与移民

开化县是典型的山丘型血吸虫病疫区,也是浙西山区血吸虫病流行时间最早、最严重的地区。该县钉螺沿境内池淮溪、马金溪、龙山溪、马尪溪四条主要溪流分布,并在各溪流中形成自上而下由点状到线状的扩散趋势。开化县的血吸虫病在太平天国战争以后开始大规模的流行。移民在该县历史上不仅是血吸虫病的受害者,同时也为血吸虫病的流行提供了新宿主,造就了该县长达百余年的血吸虫病流行史。与此前自发、零散的移民活动相比,20世纪50、60年代由政府组织的新安江水库移民大量感染急性血吸虫病是开化县历史上血吸虫病与移民关系的一次集中体现。     

大同北魏平城丝路遗珍

北魏定都大同短短百年(398-494年),逐渐统一了北方。随着各地区移民的迁入,平城地区显示了多种文化因素集聚的现象,主要有拓跋鲜卑本民族文化,十六国文化,东晋南朝文化,还有西域外来文明1。1970年,大同轴承厂发现的北魏遗址出土鎏金錾花银碗1件,鎏金高足铜杯3件,八曲银洗1件。1981年,大同小站村封和突墓出土狩猎纹银盘1件。1988年,大同