一对北魏时期的龙形金耳饰

2011年,大同御东恒安街一座坐北朝南向的北魏时期的偏室土洞墓出土墓铭砖、石灯、陶壶、陶罐、铁镜、项饰、金耳饰、云母片和水滴形铜饰片等器物①。墓铭砖上阴刻＂崔令珎妻韩法容＂七字（图1）。石灯白色砂岩质,底座上圆下方,圆形部分雕饰莲花瓣（图2）。该墓出土的大喇叭口陶壶,宽圆肩,壶身饰弦纹夹忍冬纹及水波纹,颈部施竖向暗纹（图3）。陶罐口沿外和颈下部均施三周凸弦纹,     

Evidence for a Neolithic Age fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system in the lower Yangtze River Delta,China

Establishing stable cropping systems was vital in antiquity, assuring certain yields and enabling ancient people to settle, thus possibly causing various modern food habits and culture to form around the world, especially in cereal-cultivation-dominated countries. China, one of the most famous ancient agricultural countries, has a long history of rice planting, and the fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system is prevalent in the lower Yangtze region, which is considered a rice domestication center. However, its origin and cultivation pattern remain unclear. We studied a famous agricultural vestige, the Chuodun site, involved in rice planting in the lower Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, during the Neolithic Age. Clear evidence from archaeology, paleobiology, pedology and biogeochemistry suggest both that the rice fire-irrigation cultivation system formed during the Neolithic Age and that ancient peoples lived there steadily. Under this extensive cultivation system, soil structures and properties changed significantly; in particular, it left more black carbon in the soil and increased the organic carbon soil stability, which can be used to reconstruct prehistoric environments. Meanwhile, the prevalent fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system used by farmers in this area, though for a different purpose than ancient people, may be inherited from the Neolithic Age.     

Beyond the Property Rights Approach: Welfare Policy and the Reform of State‐Owned Enterprises in China

During the pre‐reform era, Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) operated not only as firms, but also as mini‐welfare states, providing employees with lifetime employment, inexpensive housing, free health care, and pensions. Since China’s market transition began in the late 1970s, however, SOEs have had to bear increasingly heavy burdens for welfare provisions to their employees. The steep increase in welfare spending has not only eroded the base of state revenue, but has also impeded further SOE reforms. To lighten welfare burdens upon SOEs and to remove institutional obstacles to marketization and privatization embedded in the existing welfare system, the Chinese state has imposed many welfare reforms aimed at shifting responsibilities for welfare provision from SOEs to a combination of government, enterprises, communities, and individuals. This article examines the belated welfare reforms in China’s state sector and their impact upon the reform of SOEs. It finds that reform implementation has been sluggish. To achieve the policy goal of welfare reforms, high degrees of state autonomy and capacity are needed.     

“坎曼尔诗签”真乎,伪乎?

我国新疆出土于唐代元和年间的“坎曼尔诗签” ,在70年代初期于北京展出后 ,学术界引起很大震动 ,但也产生了一些不同观点的争论。本文围绕“诗签”的真伪问题 ,对主要观点作了述评     

美国“文化资源管理”的镜鉴

化遗产保护是一个国际性的课题,无论发达国家还是第三世界国家,在经济发展中都会面临如何妥善保护本国历史遗迹和物的严峻问题。而世界各国在处理发展和保护这对矛盾时,都有根据自己的国情而采取的一些成功经验。在世界经济一体化的过程中,各国也开始对自己的各种规章制度进行调节,与国际接轨,以适应日益频繁和密切的国际交流。而他国的各种成功经验也为我国所重视并加以科学的借鉴。     

筚路蓝缕 开拓创新——李仰松先生访谈录

李仰松,1932年生,陕西临潼人,1954年毕业于北京大学历史系考古专业,后留校任教,在北京大学考古文博学院历任助教、讲师、副教授和教授,长期从事新石器时代田野考古、原始社会史与民族志、马恩著作选读等课程的教学工作,在新石器时代考古学特别是民族考古学研究上作出了突出贡献。1998年出版《民族考古学论文集》,是我国著名的民族考古学家和民族考古学的创始人之一。李先生在繁忙的教学当中,早在20世纪50年代就曾深入云南佤族山区开展民族考古学调查,以后又率领研究生到达云南怒江独龙族、海南岛五指山黎族和苗族地区再度开展民族考古调查,取得了大量第一手资料。在多年的教学和科研工作当中,李先生结合民族学材料,对我国远古时代的陶器制作、谷物酿酒、生产工具以及岩画、彩陶等原始艺术等诸多领域,都提出了许多独到见解。此外,他还采用民族考古学的方法对我国原始社会的经济文化类型划分、军事民主制、中国文明起源以及民族考古学的理论方法等重大课题,都进行了富有创见性的研究,在学术界产生了广泛影响。前不久,《南方文物》编辑部特约记者梦古,在北大畅春园李先生窗明几净的家中就李先生的治学经验、以及李先生对今后民族考古学的发展方向等若干话题进行了采访。采访当中,李先生那谦和的态度、循循善诱的教导方式以及对民族考古学的真知灼见都给记者留下了深刻印象。