《梦粱录》再考

由《梦粱录》与成淳《临安志》的先后关系及卢文弨、钱大昕的断代考,可知《梦粱录》作于元代,成书于元顺帝元统二年。通过仔细比较《梦粱录》与《东京梦华录》、《都城纪胜》、成淳《临安志》、《武林旧事》的内容,可以发现《梦粱录》中的大部分篇目都是从这些文献直接征引或间接改写而来。并非完全出自吴自牧原创。     

Thermochemical and bacterial sulfate reduction in the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong Area,Tarim Basin,NW China: evidence from fluid inclusions,C, S,and Sr isotopic data

Petrographic features, C, O, S, and Sr isotopes were determined, and fluid inclusions (FI) were analyzed on various stages of vug‐ and fracture‐fillings from the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician reservoirs in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin, NW China. The aim was to assess the origin of pyrite and anhydrite and the processes affecting sulfur during diagenesis of the carbonates. Pyrite from seven wells has δ³⁴S values from ?22‰ to +31‰. The pyrites with low δ³⁴S values from ?21.8‰ to ?12.3‰ were found close to fracture‐filling calcites with vapor‐liquid double‐phase aqueous fluid inclusions homogenization temperatures (FI‐Th) from 55.7 to 73.2°C, salinities from 1.4wt% to 6.59wt% NaCl equiv and δ¹³C values from ?2.3‰ to ?14.2‰, indicating an origin from bacterial sulfate reduction by organic matter. Other sulfides with heavier δ³⁴S values may have formed by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) during two episodes. The earlier TSR in the Middle and Lower Cambrian resulted in pyrites and H₂S having δ³⁴S values from 30 to 33‰, close to those of bedded anhydrite and oilfield water (approximately 34‰). The later TSR is represented by calcites with δ¹³C values as light as ?17.7‰ and FI‐Th of about 120–145°C, and pyrite and H₂S with δ³⁴S values close to those of the Upper Cambrian burial‐diagenetic anhydrite (between +14.8‰ and +22.6‰). The values of the anhydrite are significantly lighter than contemporary seawater sulfates. This together with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of anhydrite and TSR calcites from 0.7091 to 0.7125 suggests a source from the underlying Ediacaran seawater sulfate and detrital Sr contribution.     

安阳殷墟孝民屯出土两类熔铜器具的科学研究

为加深对先秦青铜熔炼技术的认识,本文采用金相显微观察、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析法对安阳殷墟孝民屯出土的两类熔铜器具进行化学成分分析和显微组织观察,初步考察这两类熔铜器具的材质、工艺和用途。分析结果表明,坩埚是小型的、敞口式的熔铜器具,而熔炉是大型的竖炉,是孝民屯主要的熔铜器具;不同大小的熔铜器具可以适用于不同大小青铜器的铸造。     

秦始皇帝陵园出土青铜水禽泥芯的初步科学分析

为了进一步揭示秦始皇帝陵园出土彩绘青铜水禽的工艺特征,本文利用多种分析手段对采自8件青铜水禽的17个泥芯样品进行了科学分析研究。分析结果显示,虽然青铜水禽泥芯在材质上大体相似,均由黏土基体、粉砂、砂粒以及植物添加物组成,但不同水禽、同一水禽不同部位的泥芯应该使用了不同的泥料。而且,水禽泥芯在微量元素上明显有别于秦始皇帝陵园周边的土壤,初步认为水禽的制作地点并非秦陵地区。由于现有资料的欠缺,对青铜水禽铜矿矿料来源以及生产地点的探索,还有待进一步研究。     

文化的生态观

<正>文化的生态观是考古学和人类学系统论框架中最富创造力的理论之一。生态学被定义为生物有机体与环境,或结构与自然功能之间内在关系的科学。人类是自然系统的一部分,人与其他有机体及其自然环境的关系被定义为人类生态学。生物有机体的生物学需求和基因结构决定了大部分生物有机体与环境的互动关系。人类拥有发达的文化,文化在人与环境之间以各种形式发挥着一种媒介的角色——怀特在将文化定义为人类超肌体适应手段时意识了到这一点。     

故宫太和殿结构现状数值模拟研究

为保护故宫太和殿,采用数值模拟方法,研究了太和殿的结构现状特征。采用ANSYS有限元程序,考虑榫卯节点、斗拱连接等构造,建立了太和殿有限元模型。分别对模型进行自重作用、风荷载作用下的静力分析及8度常遇地震作用下的时程响应分析,获得了太和殿在不同荷载作用下的内力及变形分布特征,评价了太和殿的结构安全现状。结果表明:重力及风荷载作用下,太和殿结构的内力、变形均在容许范围内;地震作用下,结构保持稳定状态,且榫卯节点及斗拱构造有利于减震。因此,太和殿结构现状是安全的。     

遵义湘山寺观音像碑渊源考

贵州遵义湘山寺所供奉观音像碑,乃四川省南部县嘉陵江畔罗寂寺所存唐代吴道子之《白衣观音像》拓片翻刻版,湘山寺观音像碑所述碑之渊源存在错讹之处.清代达县进士王正玺履职遵义,遂成黔省翻刻此碑机缘.湘山寺之翻刻观音像碑则又为解决现存罗寂寺《白衣观音像碑》之翻刻时间问题提供一定佐证.     

淮河中游地区的史前生业经济考察——安徽省侯家寨遗址出土动物骨骼研究

近几年,淮河中游地区考古发掘和研究工作的陆续开展,揭示出这一地区在中国史前文化发展和演进过程中的重要地位。生业经济作为史前社会发展的物质基础,为全面认识古代社会和文化的发展提供了重要材料和研究视角,成为现今考古研究的重要内容。通过对安徽定远县侯家寨遗址出土动物遗骸进行整理和分析,可以探讨该遗址先民对动物资源的开发和利用。同时,结合双墩等遗址的已有研究,可对淮河流域史前先民的生业经济活动等进行探讨。     

The Revival of zhiguai 志怪 Storywriting in the Qing Dynasty: In Search for Its Reasons

After having enjoyed its heyday during the Six Dynasties, the zhiguai genre gradually declined in popularity in the realm of Chinese literature. Although some famous zhiguai collections were published in later dynasties, they merely belonged to the marginal literary stream. However, the zhiguai writing reached two obvious pinnacles in the Qing dynasty: The first took place at the end of the 18th century and the second in the last quarter of the 19th century. These pinnacles can be defined as the “revival of zhiguai.” Some scholars only have unilaterally discussed this issue. This article will, by examining some zhiguai collections that have not yet received much attention from previous scholars, examine the reasons why the zhiguai writing revived in the Qing dynasty and how the frustrated literati consequently led the zhiguai to flourish.     

Two new skeletons of the enigmatic,rail-like avian taxon Songzia Hou, 1990 (Songziidae) from the early Eocene of China

Sachs, S. &; Kear, B.P. November 2018. A rare new Pliensbachian plesiosaurian from the Amaltheenton Formation of Bielefeld in northwestern Germany. Alcheringa 42, 487-500. ISSN 0311-5518.

We describe a new plesiosaurian from the upper Pliensbachian Amaltheenton Formation of Bielefeld in northwestern Germany. The taxon is based upon an incomplete associated skeleton comprising part of the right mandibular ramus, several teeth, a series of cervical, pectoral, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, as well as ribs, limb girdle elements including a nearly complete right scapula, and various distal limb bones. A unique character state combination serves to distinguish the Amaltheenton Formation remains from other previously documented Early Jurassic plesiosaurians. The most important features are the presence of a longitudinal notch incising the posterior rim of the glenoid fossa and retroarticular process, and a pronounced ventrolateral shelf on the scapula, both of which constitute derived states otherwise shared with Early Cretaceous leptocleidians. However, phylogenetic analysis using a ‘total group’ Plesiosauria data-set that specifically accommodates for Pliensbachian taxa unanimously placed the Amaltheenton Formation plesiosaurian among Early–Middle Jurassic pliosaurids. This discovery is significant because it reveals unexpected homoplasy, but also because it establishes what is only the third formally named plesiosaurian taxon thus far documented from Pliensbachian strata worldwide.

Sven Sachs^* [sachs.pal@gmail.com], Naturkunde-Museum Bielefeld, Abteilung Geowissenschaften, Adenauerplatz 2, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany and Im Hof 9, 51766 Engelskirchen, Germany; Benjamin P. Kear [benjamin.kear@em.uu.se] Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, Uppsala SE-752 36, Sweden.