修德寺与修德寺塔

曲阳修德寺始建于隋文帝开皇年间(581～600年),现仅存遗址。修德寺塔的始建年代在隋仁寿元年(601年),是隋文帝颁赐舍利之塔,现存的七层砖塔为宋代遗物。修德寺遗址曾发掘出土北魏至唐代的石造像2200多件,是研究当时社会政治、佛教文化的珍贵实物资料,同时证实了曲阳是定州系白石造像的中心,为研究曲阳石雕发展史提供了依据。     

土族妇女传统头饰"扭达尔"

"扭达尔"是过去土族妇女最常见的头饰."扭达尔"鲜艳别致,种类繁多,包括互助、大通地区的"吐浑扭达尔"、"那仁扭达尔"、"适格扭达尔"、"加斯扭达尔"、"加木扭达尔"、"绊绊切扭达尔"、"哈雪扭达尔"、"雪古朗扭达尔"、"洛典扭达尔"等和流行于民和三川地区的"索不都扭达尔"等.     

大汶口文化的骨牙“雕筒”

大汶口文化的骨牙“雕筒”是大汶口文化中最具代表性的器物之一。然而对于它们的用途和功能却一直众说纷纭,尚无定论。本文通过对其形制以及它们在墓葬中安放的位置及与相关器物的关系之考察,确认不同形制的骨牙“雕筒”具有性质不同的用途和功能。其中A、B型“雕筒”可能是一种与宗教有关的器具,而C型“雕筒”应是套在斧钺(锛)类器物木柄尾端的饰件——即镦。不论是作为宗教器具还是礼仪用具(附件)的“雕筒”,显然都是当时社会中具有特殊身份的人们才能拥有的。环顾各地的发现,类似大汶口文化骨牙“雕筒”这种特殊随葬品的出现,当系社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物,从而得以管窥当时社会权力在时间和空间上的分布状况。     

河南北宋壁画墓的题材及艺术特色

北宋墓室壁画是宋代绘画的重要组成部分,题材有日常生活、孝行故事、超度升仙和装饰性画面等四类,布局、构图都遵循一定的程式,但构思巧妙、技法多变,体现了北宋绘画艺术的丰富多彩与繁荣昌盛。     

衡山景观资源开发

衡山为中华五岳之一,著名宗教名山和旅游胜地。本文阐述衡山自然景观的形成,并从旅游的角度论证衡山具有独特的美学价值、丰富的科学与艺术内容、众多的旅游景目、优越的交通地理位置等优势,建议衡山风光资源开发必须遵循建设与保护相结合、自然景观与人文景观并重、美化和净化同步、社会效益与经济效益兼顾等原则。     

宝鸡眉县出土27件窑藏青铜器锈蚀特征及成分的分析研究

为了研究刚出土的青铜器在新的环境中的发展变化情况,在宝鸡眉县27件国宝级西周窖藏青铜器出土一年半后,对这批器物出土前后的锈蚀类型及特征进行了分析和描述,并对每一器物的锈蚀产物进行了系统检测分析。结果显示,这批青铜器腐蚀类型主要为封闭环境中的大气腐蚀,主要产物为碳酸盐和氧化物。但同时在其中一个器物上发现了氯化物类有害锈成分,分析认为,出土前后环境的变化是有害锈得以产生和发展的根本原因。     

琉璃河西周燕国墓地出土玉器初探

本文在对琉璃河西周燕国墓地玉器进行考古学研究的基础上,结合文献,对西周燕国玉器的使用制度进行了分析考证,认为燕国在西周早期,以组玉佩和葬玉为代表的与礼制相符的用玉制度已见端倪,在中国玉器发展史上占有重要地位。     

Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China

Recent zooarchaeological studies on water buffalo (Bubalus sp.) remains from China and south Asia question the traditional view that water buffalo were first domesticated in Neolithic China over 7000 years ago. The results from several recent population genetic studies of modern domesticated buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) are not consistent with each other, placing the original center of buffalo's domestication in south Asia, southeast Asia, or China. This paper reports a study using an ancient DNA approach to analyze water buffalo remains from Neolithic sites in north China to investigate their affinities with modern domesticated water buffalo, and to shed light on the origin of modern domesticated water buffalo in China.A 169 bp fragment of D-loop mitochondrial DNA was successfully amplified and verified for 13 of 24 bone samples obtained from seven archaeological sites along the Wei River valley in Shaanxi Province, China. The bone samples which yielded positive DNA can be dated to 8000–3600 cal. BP. The phylogenetic analysis of the obtained DNA sequences along with modern water buffalo sequences indicated that the ancient water buffalos were not the direct ancestor of modern domesticated water buffalo. However, the phylogenetic analysis, along with BLAST searches of these ancient DNA sequences, did demonstrate their relatedness to water buffalo more so than to any other bovid species, confirming the existence of indigenous wild (but now extinct) water buffalo species (B. mephistopheles) in ancient China.The DNA analysis of these ancient remains failed to establish direct links between modern domesticated water buffalo (B. bubalis) and indigenous water buffalo (B. mephistopheles) from ancient China. If further DNA studies of more ancient remains from other regions of China confirm the observation of solely indigenous water buffalo species in ancient China, it would suggest modern water buffalo might not have been first domesticated in China.     

文物保护原则之探讨

文物保护原则是指导文物保护具体实践的理论基础。本文对不改变文物原状之基本原则的内涵进行了深入探讨,并且论述了考古现场文物保护和选择文物保护材料的原则。     

故宫藏清代松花石砚概述

一清宫皇帝御用的松花石砚1.清代康熙朝松花石嵌螺钿池砚（图1）。长18.5、宽12.6、高3.2厘米。砚为松花石制,长方形,呈绿色。砚面前端为砚池,池中嵌一螺钿。砚池四周凸雕流云海水山石,右侧雕一螭龙隐身于云海之中,取寿山福海之意。砚池下方为圆形砚堂。