Cellular Automata for Studying Historical Spatial Process of Traditional Settlements Based on Gaussian Mixture Model: A Case Study of Qiaoxiang Village in Southern China

ABSTRACT

The spatial evolution of traditional rural settlements is a natural process that occurs without professional development planning. With rural spatial organization now being stimulated by China’s economic structure adjustment, making top-down plans match bottom-up spatial principles is important for the continuity of rural communities. In this research, a Cellular automaton based model was introduced to describe the historical spatial rules of rural settlements based on a traditional village in Southern China. In order to reproduce the rural spatial characteristics and laws that were close to the actual situation truthfully and distinctly, in this model, we refined the growth process into three cyclical steps, and used a Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model for the evaluation of spatial transition potential. Through historical simulation, evaluation of the current status, and future spatial predictions, results showed that: (1) the growth during the whole spatial process maintained logical consistency for optimal selection; (2) certain houses in the southeast region should be carefully protected as a core living culture exhibit, while the best utilization of other homes should be considered; and (3) the most probable region of growth for tourist services or new housing estates is scattered along the river in the central area of the village.     

古丁与“大东亚文学”

1942年至1944年间,伪满文坛出现了“大东亚文学”的潮流.被认定为“弄潮儿”的古丁,由于留下了三次参加大东亚文学者大会的经历而难辞其咎.古丁与“大东亚文学”的关系,于是成为作家作品研究的一个重要话题.本文从作家真实经历与文本深层解读两个视角,对这一时期的古丁进行了实事求是的现代解读,力图触及伪满作家作品研究的复杂与艰难,并借此找到古丁研究的新路径.     

中国行政区划改革的内卷化风险及其生成机制

透过对行政区划调整现象与文献的梳理，发现中国部分政区有“改而不变”的倾向，本文借用“内卷化”的概念对这种现象及其效应进行探讨，指出政区改革在行政层级、运行逻辑、空间关系、职能配置等方面都存在着“内卷化”隐忧。在此基础上，通过对国家结构、行政区划的资源属性和行政区经济之间关联的分析，阐释了政区改革内卷化的生成机制，认为行政区划配置资源的功能可能是政区改革陷入内卷化的一个重要前提。最后以常州武进和海南政区改革为例，探讨了本研究的分析框架与逻辑，并建议构建面向市场经济的行政区划调整框架，为继续深化行政体制改革提供空间支撑。     

Investigation of ancient noodles,cakes, and millet at the Subeixi Site,Xinjiang, China

Ancient foodstuffs, including noodles, cakes, and common millet, were excavated from the Subeixi Cemeteries (cal. 500–300 years BC), Turpan District in Xinjiang, China. Starch grain and phytolith analyses were undertaken to identify the plant species involved. These indicate that the noodles and cakes were made from Panicum miliaceum. Ancient food preparation technologies were also investigated by cooking experiments.     

论王劭魏澹修史

隋朝修史也是有成绩的。隋朝史官王劭与魏澹在修史方面做的工作、取得的成绩 ,从一个侧面反映了隋朝修史的成就。他们的修史工作也有失误。     

《清实录》议叙机制研究

按清制,每部实录进呈后,都要对纂修人员进行议叙。在漫长的纂修实践中,《清实录》议叙由草创而渐趋规范化、制度化。然而,清中叶以降,在流弊滋生、政治生态环境日益恶劣的时代语境下,由实录议叙衍生出的投机钻营、以权谋私、贪腐舞弊丑闻频频曝光、屡禁不止。实录议叙的宿疾,从表面上看,是议叙过优,但从根源上看,则是议叙制度本身缺陷、监管部门的不作为、官场内部的"集体无意识"、公权力的"不检点"以及后续问责过轻等诸多因素合力使然。     

黑水城出土西夏《阿弥陀佛接引图》中龙凤纹佛衣考

龙凤纹样组合作为中原王朝皇帝服装纹样组合最早出现在南朝梁时期,大约到了宋代开始成为帝王的专用服饰纹样。唐宋都曾出现皇帝加封道教神祇帝号,所以让这些拥有帝号的道教神祇穿着帝王服装的情况也比较普遍,但在佛教服装中出现龙凤纹样组合的情况却比较鲜见。饰有"龙凤纹"的佛教服装应该早在西夏时期已经出现,西夏佛衣上出现龙凤纹大致是受到帝王造等身佛像、中原道教及唃厮啰佛教信仰的影响。     

城墙的文化意义与当代城墙文化保护

城墙是人类文明发展史上阶段性的产物;城墙文化伴随城墙自始至终,是人类城市文明史的重要组成部分。即便当物质城墙消失以后,城墙文化仍然肩负着解读城市历史的功能。中国的城墙发端于新石器时期,发展于春秋战国,普及于秦汉,颠峰于明代大部分消亡于20世纪。其中有三次筑城高潮。现存的中国地面遗存城墙绝大多数为明清时期建造或修筑。到了近现代,重型火炮等先进军事设备在中国的出现,昭示着冷兵器时代城市防御工事——城墙原始功能上的"蜕化"与"不足"。最终导致大量地面城墙的消失。这种消失主要由自然界因素,战乱摧残和人为拆除三种因素造成,最严重和最彻底的是后者。     

太太

我一直叫她太太,从记事起,她一直是那个样子,裹过的很小的脚,略微驼起的背,消瘦得像风干的果实似的脸庞,干枯的手一直是干枯的。记忆中惟一的变化是太太嗓子慢慢地哑了。太太今年八十六岁了。太太是妈妈的奶奶,到我这代是四世了,如今我的孩子已经六岁了,我不知道孩子应该叫她什么,便让孩子叫她老太太。太太听到我的孩子叫,总会很响亮地答应一声。可每次我听到这响亮的答应声时,心总会倏然紧缩一下,毕竟时间是不等人的,我知道孩子可以当她的面叫她老太太的机会