Does clean air increase the demand for the consumer city? Evidence from Beijing

Cities offer a large menu of possible employment and leisure opportunities. The gains from such consumer city leisure are likely to be lower on more polluted days. We study the association between daily consumption activity and outdoor air pollution in China and find evidence in favor of the hypothesis that clean air and leaving one's home for leisure trips are complements. Given the high levels of air pollution in cities in the developing world, regulation induced improvement in environmental quality is likely to further stimulate demand for the consumer city.     

What can pollen grains from the Terracotta Army tell us?

The provenance of more than 2200-year-old terracotta warriors and horses in the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is still a mystery, even though some researchers have inferred that the terracotta figures were produced near the mausoleum. The sporomorphs (pollen and spores) extracted from terracotta fragments of a warrior and a horse and compared with those obtained from soil samples from the Qin Dynasty layer in Pit No. 2 of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum indicate that the pollen spectrum from the terracotta horse is different from that of the warrior, but similar to the local soil samples. Herbaceous pollen was dominant in the warrior sample, while arboreal pollen predominates in the horse and soil samples. Palynological evidence suggests that the terracotta horses were produced at a locality near the mausoleum, while the warrior came from a site which was further afield.     

Can the Raman spectrum of anatase in artwork and archaeology be used for dating purposes? Identification by Raman microscopy of anatase in decorative coatings on Neolithic (Yangshao) pottery from Henan,China

Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis has earlier shown that the white background layer (slip) on painted pottery sherds (Yangshao culture, Henan, China, 4200 BC) is composed of kaolinitic clay containing titanium in the assumed form of TiO₂ at just 1 wt%. The same samples of white slip have now been studied by Raman microscopy, revealing bands characteristic of anatase, but none from the majority species, the matrix of kaolinitic clay. These results highlight the extraordinarily intense Raman scattering from even trace amounts of anatase and thus the need to recognise that, although the colours of archaeological artefacts are almost always determined by the nature of the matrix, the Raman spectrum may be determined by a highly scattering trace component such as anatase. The significance of anatase as a potential date-marker pigment on works of art and archaeological artefacts is discussed.     

《唐大和上东征传》鉴真携带品辨正

真人元开(Omino Mihune)撰于779年的鉴真传记<唐大和上东征传>,有多种写本、刊本传世.1762年以后的刊本,流传颇广,其对文本的字词误读甚至影响到今天.本稿依据现存日本的古写本及多种刊本,对鉴真第二次东渡携带品的误读进行辨析、纠谬,指出在研究域外汉籍中写本的重要性.     

元版元人别集

知常先生云山集五卷(元)姬志真撰元泰定二年(1325)李怀素刻本章钰跋.存三卷(卷三至五).框高23.4厘米,宽16.5厘米.每半叶九行,行二十字,白口,左右双边.     

杜甫以赋为诗表现论

杜甫对以赋为诗的运用,从题材上来说,主要表现为战争诗、纪行诗和咏物诗的大量创作;在体裁上表现为以长篇古诗和排律的创作;在技巧上则体现为辞藻的丰富与典故的铺陈。以赋为诗,使杜诗的表现领域得到了全面的拓展。     

雷家坪遗址出土六朝玻璃珠的相关研究

采用显微观察、X射线衍射物相分析和X射线荧光光谱成分测试等手段,对湖北省巴东县雷家坪遗址六朝时期墓葬出土的若干精美“珠饰”进行了观察和分析,阐述了它们的特征,确定其材质;并与其他遗址出土不同时期的玻璃制品进行比较,发现其配方和我国西周至汉代玻璃,以及西方传统玻璃差别甚大。结合考古背景资料分析,这批珠饰很有可能是我国古代工匠在原有玻璃技术基础上,借鉴和吸收了外来玻璃的制造技术,在中国境内自行烧制的。     

阿城金代贵族墓碑的发现和考证

2003年冬发现于阿城市大岭乡的金代贵族墓碑,经初步考证,墓碑主人是金初开国功臣完颜斡鲁.其立碑的时间应在金大定年间,确切的时间应不早于金大定十七年.     

述论佛教戒律的玄化与道化

佛、道两家之间的互相影响,论者已多.但仅就佛教戒律的玄化和道化一个侧面来系统叙述,似未多见,故以此文试说之.     

魏晋南北朝方志初探

魏晋南北朝时期,在继承秦汉杂述及地理志书的基础上,进入了中国古方志发展史上的一个特殊的繁盛阶段。在国家分裂,朝代更迭的背景下,各种方志层见错出。计有:"记"、"志"、"录"、"传"、"赞"、"图"等多种体例的方志,呈现出不同的特点。这一现象和魏晋南北朝时期的时代特点有紧密的联系,结合时代特点来考察此一时期的方志,才会在总体上得出一个比较客观的评价。