国外进口瓷器修复专用材料的应用研究

国内外瓷器修复的基本流程没有很大差异,但是西方国家生产的修复专用材料品种较丰富,值得国内修复界吸收与应用。为此,本研究着重对Hxtal NYL-1、Golden Porcelain Restoration Glaze、Golden Polymer Varnish with UVLS三款瓷器修复专用产品开展分析研究。测试结果显示,在国内外5类环氧树脂中,Hxtal NYL-1的拉伸强度最低,断裂伸长率最高。Hxtal NYL-1在波长365nm的紫外线照射78d后,其色差变化最平稳。紫外可见光谱数据显示Golden Glaze仅吸收一定的中波紫外线UVB,Golden Varnish对长波紫外线UVA和中波紫外线UVB都具有吸收能力。波长365nm紫外老化实验可证明Golden Glaze和Golden Varnish都具备较好的光稳定性。而在254nm紫外老化环境下,Golden Varnish表现出更佳的抗紫外性能。此外,围绕瓷器修复实例,对这些产品的在修复中的使用方法进行了简要梳理。     

西塞罗与罗马共和末期的派系斗争

西塞罗是古罗马著名政治家。在罗马共和末期动荡不安的派系斗争中,西塞罗代表元老贵族派的利益,以维系传统的以元老院为核心的共和体制为己任,与形形色色试图颠覆罗马共和政体的野心家进行了坚决的斗争,被誉为"共和国之父",可谓风光无限。然而,特殊的政治环境,残酷的派系斗争导致西塞罗在长达30余年的政治生涯中不断变换政治立场,深深地卷入派系斗争,并在其中发挥了举足轻重的作用,最终沦为派系斗争的牺牲品。     

Establishing a ‘Cultural Base’? The Creation of the Fulbright Program in Portugal

This paper deals with the cultural and educational relations between the United States and Portugal during the Cold War. It is built upon the premise that cultural policies and cultural relations between states are a fundamental part of international relations. History of International Relations, therefore, should overcome an analysis based only upon political and diplomatic dimensions to address what can also be referred to as ‘cultural diplomacy’. The Cold War period, because of its historical features, is particularly relevant to the study of processes of cultural diplomacy and some authors even consider it as the ‘golden age’ of cultural diplomacy.¹1. William Glade, ‘Issues in the Genesis and Organization of Cultural Diplomacy: A Brief Critical History’ in The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society (Winter 2010), vol. 39, issue 4, 242. For cultural diplomacy during the Cold War see Jessica Gienow-Hecht, ‘Culture and the Cold War in Europe’ in Leffler, Melvyn & Westad, Odd Arne, The Cambridge History of the Cold War Vol. i, (Cambridge University Press, 2010), 398–419; Akira Iriye, ‘Culture and International History’ in Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (ed), Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004); Richard T. Arndt, The First Resort Of Kings: American Cultural Diplomacy In The Twentieth Century (Virgínia: Potomac Books, 2005).View all notes     

博物馆女性题材展览的类型与意义

女性题材的展览主要分为女性博物馆的基本陈列和专题展览、综合类博物馆的常设展览和临时展览,旨在以"物"为媒介来展示女性的生存状态和精神追求,与公众一起讨论有关女性的话题,甚至包括一些敏感的、有争议的现象或问题。博物馆以女性为题材,组织展览和教育活动,关注、探讨并传播女性文化,一方面反映出博物馆关注并回应女性广泛参与社会生活并贡献于社会变革与发展的现实,发挥博物馆作为时代潮流倡导者和引领者的作用;另一方面,女性观众数量增多,参观需求多元化且女性广泛参与博物馆事务,对博物馆展览理念也产生一定的影响。然而,博物馆的女性主题展览也存在数量少、展览和诠释活动中对女性价值和意义挖掘不够等问题,需要在理念和实践上进一步改变。     

溯源与新解:论文物古迹“原状”

"原状"认识来源于西方经典保护理论,历经启蒙运动、法国大革命和反修复等社会运动。至19世纪,其思想内涵不断发生变化,从单纯地强调"原物""原状"发展到将历史真实的"原状"观念扩大到历史时间和"环境"等更大的对象范畴。20世纪以来,经典保护理论走向成熟,"原状"也真正从追求"原物真实"走向了传递其蕴含的"价值意义"。"不改变原状"是我国文物古迹保护的核心原则,经历了"初建时的原状""整旧如旧"、对于"原状"的多元释义、"体现价值的状态"等四个阶段。文化遗产的保护要从原物、原信息、原地点、原场所精神、原用途五个方面综合考虑"原状",才能真正保护好遗产的价值。     

后普查时期博物馆藏品管理的新发展研究——以南京博物院为例

全国第一次可移动文物普查结束后,如何利用普查经验和结果,建立和完善与新时期博物馆发展相适应的藏品管理体系,是当前我国博物馆建设面临的重要任务。南京博物院藏品管理的实例说明,博物馆可以通过健全管理制度、构建网络管理平台、创新便于利用的管理模式、实时监测文物保护动态等手段,全面提升藏品管理能力,建立对藏品的规范化、信息化和精细化的管理体系,使藏品更好地服务社会。     

Dental and oral nonmetric traits in a Coimbra reference sample: testing intrasample chronological and spatial variation

A reference sample of dental and oral nonmetric traits should represent its biological population from which it stems. The presence of individuals born at different times, different regions, and separate countries in the Coimbra-identified cranial collections provides the test of whether this sample reflects the biological continuity of this Portuguese sample among the late modern (early industrialization, nineteenth century) to early contemporary (early demographic transition, first half of the twentieth century) population of this region of central Portugal. The Coimbra collections were scored for 61 traits using methodology by Hauser and De Stefano (1989), Turner et al. (1991), Scott and Turner (1997), Irish (1998), and Marado and Silva (2016). The 600 individuals in the sample were divided by generation, region, and nationality. Their phenetic diversity was tested with principal component analysis and with the mean measure of divergence statistic. The proximity between the subsamples was generalized, and it mimicked previous genetic marker results. Some small subsamples hindered conclusions; nevertheless, this Coimbra sample is considered a reliable dental reference sample for the Portuguese late modern/early contemporary population.     

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

As the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.     

古道遗珍 记国家博物馆《丝绸之路》大型文物展览

2014年11月10日,APEC会议在北京召开,与此同时,由文化部、国家文物局与陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、河南六省区人民政府联合主办,中国国家博物馆承办的大型文物展览——《丝绸之路》于11月6日在北京中国国家博物馆开幕。展览汇集了来自全国16个省区市44家文博单位的490余件文物珍品,     

民族与时尚:清代的鹿肉消费及其特征

鹿在满人生活中占有重要地位,鹿肉是满人消费的重要对象。清代官方记载食用鹿肉的来源主要有三:东三省进贡、木兰围场和新疆进贡。通过鹿肉赏赐,汉人品尝到具有满族特色的食品,并对鹿肉的美味津津乐道。京城旗人消费鹿肉,皇帝赏赐官员鹿肉,显示了清代鹿肉消费的民族特色。鹿肉产量较少,故鹿肉的赏赐形成了制度。鹿肉价格较贵,对鹿肉的消费始终被限制在一定的阶层范围内。