红茶菌发酵液清洗丝织文物表面结晶盐的应用研究

在我国考古出土的丝织品数量多,种类丰富,但由于墓葬环境的特殊性,如棺液的浸泡等原因,丝织文物的表面形成很多结块,影响了文物的品质。因此,对此类丝织文物的清洗成为文物保护工作的重要一环。为此,本研究以唐代出土丝织文物残片表面的结块为研究对象,利用拉曼光谱和X射线衍射仪检测技术对其表面结块的成分进行分析。结果表明,结晶盐的主要成分为CaSO4.2H2O。本研究针对其结晶盐的成分,再利用显微观察、抗拉强度检测等手段分析了红茶菌发酵液对老化的现代蚕丝影响。在得出没有损伤的基础上,利用红茶菌发酵液中的生物有机酸和生物酶作为生物清洗剂清洗唐代丝织文物残片表面的结晶盐,取得了良好的清洗效果,对丝织文物本身无损伤。     

馆藏砖石质文物有害盐中多种无机及有机酸阴离子的定量分析

博物馆环境空气中无机或有机酸性污染气体会腐蚀馆藏砖石质文物并使其表面出现有害盐。常见的有害盐种类复杂，可能同时含有无机和有机酸阴离子。为进一步认识文物盐害和分析盐害产生的原因，本研究建立了一种基于离子色谱的有害盐中无机和有机酸阴离子定量分析方法。该方法可同时测定馆藏砖石质文物上有害盐中氟离子、氯离子、溴离子、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、磷酸根、硫酸根、甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、丁酸根、戊酸根等十二种阴离子。采用2～30 mmol/L KOH淋洗液梯度洗脱，能够在35 min的检测时间下实现该十二种阴离子的快速分离与准确检测。所有阴离子的标准曲线的相关系数均高于0.995,检出限为0.001～0.022μg/mL,定量限为0.004～0.073μg/mL;加标回收率为81.8%～107.0%。该方法采用超纯水作为溶剂，样品处理简单，易于操作；具有成本低廉、检测时间短和准确性高的特点；可定量计算有害盐中多种无机及有机酸阴离子的质量分数。将该方法应用于中国国家博物馆馆藏“汉并天下”瓦当和仿制玉炉表面有害盐中的无机及有机酸阴离子的分析，可为分析盐害发生的原因，阻止、延缓及预测盐害的发生提供依据。     

东晋士族世袭领州制初探

东晋时期,在士族势力高度发展和东吴世袭领郡制的基础上,两者结合形成了士族世袭领州制。士族之间凭门户势力的较量,分别相应地统领不同的州,虽随条件变化作出进退,但都围绕着一州的统领权作为轴心来运转。其实质是士族把持政治,按门户档次分配地域权益,并希望世代保持下去。     

明代隆昌寺无梁殿的动力特性及抗震性能研究

The brick - vault hall of Longchang Temple at Baohua Mountain is a representative of a series of Ming Dynasty brick - vault halls——a unique architectural heritage type in China. In order to evaluate the structural safety of this architectural heritage in earthquakes, we set up a three - dimensional finite element model to analyze its dynamic properties, seismic response spectrum and seismic time history in order to obtain the natural frequencies, modal modes, seismic effect, and seismic deformation and stress response. The results show that the structure of the hall features high symmetry and high torsional rigidity. The degrees of influence of earthquake on the vibration of the hall are as follows ： roof, side walls and arch on the second floor, eaves of the first floor, side walls and arch on the first floor. Under the Intensity 7 frequently - occurring earthquake, precautionary earthquake, and rarely - occurring earthquake, the most dangerous position of the hall is the junction of the arched window impost and sill wall on the side far away from the stairs on the first floor. In addition, prone to the tensile damage, each arch impost is a weak position in an earthquake. Finally, a seismic strengthening strategy for the brick - vault hall of Longchang Temple is presented based on the results of dynamic properties and seismic behavior analysis. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

Recognising values of China’s scenic and historic interest areas as world heritage cultural landscapes: Lushan case study

ABSTRACT

China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas are a major contributor to the State’s World Heritage lexicon. However, understanding of their values has led to confusion internationally and in China, not least with controversy over China’s latest promotion of the Natural Protected Areas System. This paper discusses values of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas from the cultural landscape perspective through an in-depth case study of Lushan. A theoretical framework for recognising values of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas has been set up and tested at Lushan, including exploring stakeholders’ understanding of its values as a world heritage site by using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The findings reveal that Lushan clearly represents cultural values inextricably associated with Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, and also need for supplementary advice on its Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). It suggests that the ideology driving management of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas as national parks or natural parks focusing mainly on objective nature-related conservation without regard to the traditional Chinese philosophy of the culture-nature binary will adversely affect China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas as cultural landscapes and their community values.     

清末日本间谍成田安辉西藏潜行活动之考察

用的伎俩之一。其中,成田安辉(1864—1915)是20世纪初(1901年)由日本政府外务省派往西藏的第一个间谍,也是继河口慧海后进入西藏首府拉萨的第二个日本人。由于其入藏活动是在相当秘密的状态下进行的,加之出于各种考虑,成田安辉没有立即发表他的入藏报告,因此其西藏潜行活动亦不被大家所知。20世纪70年代初,随着其《进藏日志》①的发表,尤其是日本外务省档案材料公开以后,逐渐被世人所了解。但至今国内尚无专文发表,因此本文以日本外务省外交史料馆所藏资料《成田安辉西藏探险关系一件》②为主,再结合其他资料,拟就关于成田安辉的西藏潜行活…     

蜂蜡类残留物的科学分析研究

蜂蜡是古代人类可获得的最常见的天然材料之一，在人类生产生活中占有重要地位。对蜂蜡类残留物的科技分析可直接提供古代人类对蜂蜡利用的科学证据。本文介绍了蜂蜡的产生与组成，梳理了蜂蜡类残留物的样品处理与检测分析方法，并总结了蜂蜡类残留物科学鉴定的依据，以期为古代蜂蜡利用与其他相关问题的研究提供有益参考。     

余庆毛氏清朝科举人物考

余庆毛氏入黔已有千年,有科举功名人物记载自清始,据各文献统计,有清一朝,有功名者达百余人,达到余庆县科举人物总数的三分之一以上.他们中为官者造福一方,居乡者为地方乡贤.本文对清朝毛氏取得科举功名人物的考察,至少说明余庆取得功名的毛氏有相当部分是土司后裔,余庆毛氏大批科举人物的出现,表明余庆土司对科举这种国家制度的充分认同.作为地方表率,这一群体维护了地方稳定,推动了地方经济文化发展.