满族研究的民族学新作--评《满族--辽宁新宾县腰站村调查》

中国民族村寨调查丛书已由云南大学出版社陆续出版了。这套丛书的出版为民族研究工作提供了崭新的调查资料,更有利于民族部门了解民族的社会现状和发展趋势,以便制定相应的民族政策,使中国的民族工作更上一层楼,走在世界的前列。     

近50年来我国的美国黑人史研究

中国学近50年来对美国黑人史的研究可分为三个时期。20世纪50—70年代,美国黑人史研究在中国成为一个研究热点,取得一批重要成果,但不可避免带有政治化的倾向。80年代,黑人史研究略显沉寂,处于承上启下阶段。90年代以来,取得很大的进展,研究的领域和深度都有所拓展和深入。但总的看来,我国的美国黑人史研究还远未成熟,尚处于起步和奠基阶段。     

有关大住圣窟与三阶教的关系问题

本文从多方面论述了三阶教并没有影响到大住圣窟的开凿,大住圣窟刻经反映了华严经卢舍那"十方三世"思想和末法思想,而实际用途是礼佛忏悔灭罪,而不是三阶教的普佛思想。甚至可以说大住圣窟的内容反而有可能对三阶教有所影响。     

陕西韩城普照寺彩绘泥塑制作材料与工艺研究

普照寺位于陕西省韩城市,寺内现存有五尊精美绝伦的元代彩绘泥塑。为了解普照寺彩绘泥塑制作材料与工艺,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微红外光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜-能谱仪和X光照相等技术手段进行科学分析。结果表明,普照寺彩绘泥塑内部结构为十字型交叉木骨架,粗泥层和细泥层塑土矿物成分基本一致,具有强度高、抗风化能力强和可塑性好的特点;粗泥加筋材料为麦秸秆和麦粒壳,细泥加筋材料为棉和麻;颜料层显色成分除蓝色外均为古代壁画常见的矿物颜料,存在重层重彩情况。研究结果将为普照寺彩绘泥塑的后续保护修复提供科学依据,并为陕西地区元代彩绘泥塑传统工艺的研究补充科学信息。     

A Comparison of Three Exploratory Methods for Cluster Detection in Spatial Point Patterns

This paper compares the performances of three exploratory methods for cluster detection in spatial point patterns where the at-risk population is known. After reviewing two existing methods, Openshaw et al. (1987) and Besag and Newell (1991), an alternative method is introduced. These three methods are then compared empirically using two point patterns drawn from a disaggregate housing database consisting of 28,832 observations. Each observation in the data set contains attributes of single-family detached dwellings in the City of Amherst, New York. This paper provides some new insights into the performance of the three methods, as previous applications have used spatially aggregated (and hence rather inaccurate) data. The paper also demonstrates the utility of GIS for this type of spatial analysis.     

Policy coordination and selective corruption control in China

In autocracies facing widespread corruption, the allocation of the scant attention available for fighting corruption strongly affects corruption control. Although research has found that authoritarian regimes tend to fight corruption selectively, it is unknown whether and how autocracies allocate attention across different policy areas to combat corruption. We propose that single-party authoritarian regimes can steer anticorruption attention to the policy domains prioritized by the central authority through the mechanism of cross-organizational policy coordination. Using original datasets compiled from Chinese governmental and procuratorial policy papers from 1998 to 2016, we demonstrate that Chinese prosecutors direct anticorruption attention to the policy domains accentuated in the central government's major reforms. Our field interviews support this finding and reveal possible disruption of anticorruption efforts in policy domains falling off the central government's top list. Thus, we extend the research on political influence over anticorruption agencies and show that single-party regimes can instrumentalize anticorruption to serve the government's policy agenda, driving the allocation of limited anticorruption attention across policy areas.     

汉阳陵地下博物馆遗址表面硫酸钙(CaSO4·2H2O)形成原因探析

汉阳陵地下博物馆是我国首个遗址保存在恒温恒湿环境的博物馆,但遗址表面仍然析出了硫酸钙(CaSO_4·2H_2O)。本研究通过对汉阳陵13号坑封闭展厅内环境温湿度、土壤蒸发量、遗址本体及地下水可溶盐的长期监测分析硫酸钙(CaSO_4·2H_2O)产生原因。结果表明,13号坑环境湿度长期保持100%,由于遗址表面温度高于露点温度,空气中水分子在土壤表面不能转化为液态水返回到土壤中,而随着土壤水分蒸发遗址表面土壤溶液浓度逐渐增大,溶液中离子相互发生反应在遗址表面析出白色的硫酸钙。     

A new early Silurian brachiopod genus,Thulatrypa, from Norway and South China,and its palaeobiogeographical significance

Huang, B., Baarli, B.G., Zhan, R.B. & Rong, J.Y., October 2015. A new early Silurian brachiopod genus, Thulatrypa, from Norway and South China, and its palaeobiogeographical significance. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

The smooth atrypoid brachiopod Thulatrypa gen. nov. incorporates two species, a younger (T. gregaria) from Norway, and an older (T. orientalis) from South China, which collectively span the middle Rhuddanian through Aeronian. In Baltica, the genus thrived just below the storm wave base in a tropical BA4 setting extending slightly into BA3 and BA5 respectively, whereas in South China, its representative occurs in a much shallower assemblage (BA2–3). Their palaeobiogeographical implications are carefully investigated. This study supports the arguments that Thulatrypa may have originated in South China in the middle Rhuddanian and extended its range to eastern Baltica in the late Rhuddanian. Larvae may have drifted along a channel from the east to the southwest of Baltica, which supports the reconstructions of palaeocurrents in the early Silurian in previous palaeogeographical studies.

Bing Huang [bhuang@nigpas.ac.cn], Ren-bin Zhan [rbzhan@nigpas.ac.cn] and Jia-yu Rong [jyrong@nigpas.ac.cn], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; B. Gudveig Baarli [gudveig.baarli@williams.edu], Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.     

华侨华人与“一国两制”理论的提出、实践和发展

华侨华人与"一国两制"理论的提出、实践和发展有着密切的关系。"一国两制"理论是邓小平在会见华侨华人时首次提出和展开阐述的,并通过华侨华人迅速在海外传播,推动了两岸的交流发展。在香港和澳门回归中国前后,华侨华人坚持抵制破坏"一国两制"的图谋,肯定香港和澳门回归后的伟大成就,大力宣传"一国两制"的成功实践。新世纪以来,华侨华人在世界各地普遍成立"反独促统"组织,有针对性地加强了"一国两制"的宣传,与分裂中国的行径进行了坚决斗争,并在"一国两制"的基础上对中国统一积极献计献策,推动落实"一国两制"的相关工作。     

大连近代建筑保护现状调查

大连在新中国成立前的50余年中先后经历了沙俄和日本两国的殖民统治,殖民者对城市做了细致的规划和建设,留下了大批近代建筑,这些建筑大多造型独特,具有强烈的时代特征。但除了一些地标性建筑得到了较好保护,其他近代建筑不仅缺乏关注,多数保护状况堪忧,而且很多正在遭受毁灭性的改造和破坏。近年、随着中山广场改造、凤鸣街历史文化街区的拆迁以及曹正礼故居的强拆等事件,使近代建筑的保护问题进入公众视野。作者作为一位普通市民,除了陈述个人的感受,更呼吁有关部门从法律法规的角度进行规范,明确近代建筑的文物地位,并且进行分级,划区和登记,使一切有据可查,有法可依。