清新雅致的中国古代文房用具（下）

三文房清玩广义的＂文房清玩＂,可以指所有具有或兼具欣赏功能的古代文房用具,狭义的概念即＂文玩＂,特指与书写和绘画实用功能无关,专门用于营造书房清雅情趣的玩赏类器物,其特点是器型小巧奇特,适于手中把玩,而且工艺精致,清雅脱俗,最能体现文人雅士的审美情趣。最具代表性的文玩材质,是那些便于文人雅士亲自操刀的竹、木、牙、石之类,而且其久经抚玩,会产生滋润莹厚的包浆,时间愈久愈发可爱。依＂文玩＂制作的年代,可大致划分为时作文玩和古玩二类。时作文玩,是指以一个时代流行的器型和纹饰样式制作的各类用于文房把玩的小件工艺品。     

Characterization of dyes in ancient textiles from Yingpan,Xinjiang

In this paper we analyzed the natural dyes in well-preserved, ancient textiles from Yingpan, an important archaeological site on the Silk Road, using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Dyes were removed from textile fibers using a soft extraction method (pyridine, water and oxalic acid). Two species of madder-type plants, Rubia tinctorum and Rubia cordifolia were identified as the dye sources in red and brown samples. We also were able to detect unusual flavonoid glycosides in yellow and green woolen yarns, although we have not been able to pinpoint with certainty a specific plant that may have been used to produce this dye(s). On the other hand, we found that yellow and green silk threads had been colored with protoberberine-type dyes, probably obtained from species of cork tree, Phellodendron spp., and/or other protoberberine producing plant. We propose that the textile dyes found at Yingpan reflect a merging of Eastern and Western practices and technologies during the 800-year period (206 BCE–618 CE) encompassing the early years of the Silk Road.     

Spatial–temporal distribution and geographic context of Neolithic cultural sites in the Hanjiang River Basin,Southern Shaanxi,China

Understanding how to live successfully within our environment is among the most pressing challenges facing contemporary society. This paper probes the problem based on comparative analysis and discusses the relationship between the spatial–temporal distribution of the Neolithic cultural sites and the geographic context in the Hanjiang River Basin in the south of Shaanxi Province, China. Archaeological studies have identified 175 Neolithic cultural sites in the study area, with a sequence of Laoguantai (¹⁴C age 8–7 ka BP), Yangshao (¹⁴C age 7–5 ka BP) and the late period of the Neolithic Age (¹⁴C age 5–4 ka BP). The total number of archaeological sites, the distribution area and the density all showed an early ascending and later descending trend, but the proportion of the number of archaeological sites in the study area to the corresponding value of the entire Shaanxi Province declined sharply. Spatially, these sites were concentrated on the terraces of the Hanjiang River and its main tributaries with an altitude of 400–800 m. Multiple data were integrated to clarify the critical effects of tectonic and geomorphologic conditions on the distribution of the Neolithic sites. Further comparisons revealed the correlation of Holocene climate change and environmental evolution with the Neolithic cultural succession in the study area that ameliorated conditions to generally promote the development of the primitive culture while degeneration coincided with the culture's transition or interruption. The discussion on the origin of the primitive culture and the temporal–spatial distribution corresponding to the regional culture differentiation sheds light on the complex and dynamic human–nature interaction system during the Neolithic Age, thus emphasising the wider field-based investigation and high-resolution reconstruction works of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the future.     

文化分类的两个含义

文化分类有两个含义：一是指文化所有者的符号系统,包括其对外间世界和自我的全部类概念、隐喻、象征等同质媒介体系。二是指人类学者为分析文化所选取的分类描述框架。前者与认知人类学(Cognitive     

唐徐恽及夫人姚氏墓志考述

１９９８年在伊川县彭婆镇许营村出土的唐徐恽及夫人姚氏墓志,详述了徐恽的生平事迹,也为徐恽神道碑的所在提供了确切位置。本文就两方墓志的有关问题进行了考证。     

徽州文书与徽学

徽学之所以成为一门新学科 ,根本原因是大量徽州文书的发现 ;没有徽州文书 ,就不可能出现徽学。徽州文书现存约 2 0万件 ,内容涉及徽州社会生活的方方面面 ,具有启发性、连续性、具体性、真实性和典型性等特点。正是由于徽州文书的学术价值被发现 ,才出现了以徽州文书研究为中心、综合研究社会实态、探寻中国古代社会后期发展变化规律的新学科———徽学。徽学研究将给宋代以后的中国古代史特别是明清史研究带来革命性的变化     

方言、二人转与东北地域文化问题

东北的地域文化中有突出的喜剧感,东北人爱笑爱闹,向来不缺乏体会幽默的能力。在他们精神世界中,肆意放恣的笑是被用作超越日常生活的感性武器,发挥着重要的功能。通过笑所促成的"狂欢的世界感受"引领人们进入到一种特殊的时空中,在这里,人们悬置了对社会世界的常规判断,摆脱了日常生活的无奈与凡庸     

青海大通县出土汉代玻璃的研究

本文共对12件玻璃样品进行化学组成分析.其中,部分样品还进行了密度测定,X 射线衍射分析和显微镜观察.此外,还对一颗黄色玻璃珠的表面层进行 SEM-EDX 分析.结果表明,该玻璃珠表面有金箔涂层.根据分析结果,青海大通县出土玻璃的基础成分可归为三类,即铅钡玻璃(Na_2O-PbO-BaO-SiO_2系统玻璃),钠钙玻璃和钾硅玻璃(K_2O-SiO_2系统)。此外,还对玻璃的来源进行了探讨.     

发现番匊生鼎

北京师范大学文物博物馆收藏有一只原断为商代的青铜圆鼎,但笔者认为,其应与现藏美国旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆的番匊生壶属同一套青铜礼器,是西周中晚期的青铜器,应更其名曰"番匊生鼎",具体考察其年代,应可定为厉王世。