明祖陵的地位和影响

明祖陵的修建是明初社会生活中的一件大事,本文结合史实进一步探讨了明祖陵的营建年代以及在明代社会中的政治地位及经济影响。     

馆藏元代玉泉古琴结构和髹漆工艺的科学研究

为了全面地了解古琴的制作工艺,为该类文物修复保护提供科学依据,以湖北省博物馆馆藏玉泉古琴漆膜、丝弦残片为研究对象,通过体视显微镜、电子探针、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热裂解气相色谱串联质谱仪等多种分析方法,针对古琴的微观形貌、层次结构、组成成分及髹漆工艺等方面进行研究。结果表明,该古琴的琴身部分由木胎层、漆灰层、底漆层和色漆层构成,底漆层的运用为漆灰层和漆膜颜料层起到了很好的桥梁连接作用。在玉泉琴的制作过程中,使用了垸灰髹漆工艺,以增加古琴的机械性能与防水性,同时增加其演奏效果,其漆灰层的主要物质为骨灰。FTIR结果表明琴弦为动物性纤维;此外,提取离子技术、AMDIS加Excel漆器表征系统(ESCAPE)漆膜有机质鉴定结果表明漆膜层主要由漆液、干性油和淀粉组成,且漆液来源于三大漆树种类(Rhus verniciflua、Rhus succedanea和Melanorrhoea sp.)中的Rhus verniciflua-Urushiol(漆酚)。现代表征仪器的运用在一定程度上提取了古琴所蕴含的隐匿信息,研究结果从侧面揭示了古琴的保存状态、物质组成、层次结构和髹漆工艺等特点,为出土漆器保护修复科研工作的科学化发展提供实证支撑。     

Early Neolithic diets at Baijia,Wei River valley,China: stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and faunal remains

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values are presented for faunal and human bone collagen from Baijia, in the Wei River valley region of Shaanxi Province, China. The remains have a calibrated age range of ca. 5709–5389 BC, and correspond with the early Neolithic Laoguantai Period. Stable isotopic results indicate that human diets included millet and probably aquatic foods such as fish and shellfish. Bovid samples are tentatively identified as water buffalo, and have a mean δ¹³C value of −14.6‰, which reflects some millet consumption. Whether bovids were grazing on wild millet, or had diets directly influenced by humans, is not known. The single Sus sample from Baijia had a diet dominated by C3 plants and is thus unlikely to have been a domesticated animal. Overall, the stable isotope results presented here conform to the current concept that the people of the Laoguantai culture were millet farmers, who had subsistence strategies that included hunted wild foods.     

三峡地区东周至六朝铁器的考古发现及相关问题的初步探讨

本文介绍了三峡地区东周至六朝铁器的考古发现和研究情况,探讨了三峡早期铁器的特征和发展变化,提出了巴系铁器的概念,进而对三峡铁器的起源、三峡铁器与农业等问题进行了剖析,从多角度对三峡早期铁器进行了一定程度的介绍和研究。     

巧工夺丽质——辽宁省博物馆明清玉器展赏析（上）

辽宁省博物馆所藏玉器具有各个历史时期数量不均衡的特点,这是由其减品的来源所决定的。辽博玉器藏品的来源主要有三个方面：一是原国立沈阳博物院筹备委员会古物馆的藏品;二是东北文物保管委员会从哈尔滨迁运来的住解放战争中征集的文物;三是解放以后的考古发掘品与征集传世品。考古发掘品以红山文化玉器和辽代玉器为主,     

New damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae,Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Zheng, D., Zhang, Q., Nel, A., Jarzembowski, E.A., Zhou, Z., Chang, S.-C. &; Wang, B., May 2016. New damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae, Dysagrionidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Alcheringa XX, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518

Two damselflies, Burmahemiphlebia zhangi gen. et sp. nov. and Palaeodysagrion cretacicus gen. et sp. nov., are described from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Burmahemiphlebia zhangi is the first record of Hemiphlebiidae from this amber, although the family was cosmopolitan during the Mesozoic. It can be readily distinguished from all other members of Hemiphlebiidae in having very short MP and CuA veins, and in its rectangular discoidal cell. The new fossils support the view that hemiphlebiid damselflies were one of the dominant groups of Zygoptera during the Mesozoic. Palaeodysagrion cretacicus is the first dysagrionid damselfly from Burmese amber and the second Mesozoic representative of this predominantly Paleogene group. It differs from other members of Dysagrionidae in having a unique elongate discoidal cell. These new finds increase the diversity of damselflies in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.

Daran Zheng* [dranzheng@gmail.com], Su-Chin Chang [suchin@hku.hk], Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Qingqing Zhang [qqzhang@nigpas.ac.cn], Edmund A. Jarzembowski? [edj@nigpas.ac.cn], Bo Wang? [bowang@nigpas.ac.cn], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; André Nel [anel@mnhn.fr], Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France; Zhicheng Zhou [172692308@qq.com], The PLA Information Engineering University, 62 Kexue Ave, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China. *Also affiliated with State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China. ?Also affiliated with Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. ?Also affiliated with Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.     

The Experimental Study of Palaeolithic Heat‐Treatment Technology: A Case from the Shuidonggou Rock Resources,North‐West China

The application of heat‐treatment technology on lithic raw materials is an important feature of early modern human behaviour. The evidence of heat‐treated stone artefacts discovered at Localities 2 and 12 of the Shuidonggou Late Palaeolithic site, North‐West China, provides an important example for studying this technology among ancient humans in Asia during the Late Palaeolithic. The mechanism and effects of heat treatment on raw materials and the role of this technology in producing stone tools were studied by means of a simulation experiment and related analytical methods. These facilitated an in‐depth analysis of the heat‐treatment activities of the Shuidonggou occupants and their implications for cognitive ability and survival strategies of human populations at that time.     

唐宋时期太湖南岸平原区农田水利格局的形成

唐宋时期在太湖湖流的作用下,太湖南岸形成一条地势较高的滨湖沉积带,吴越时在太湖湖滨开挖溇港,创建湖堤。入宋以后,在太湖南部碟型洼地的平原地形中,产生了横塘纵溇的水利结构?崽劣胱轀鞠嗯浜现饕?是为成功地向太湖排出平原洪涝水,两宋时对横塘纵溇结构的完善主要体现为溇港的设闸与横塘的加筑扑问逼诘?水利建设奠定了后期太湖南岸地区农田水利开发的基本格局。     

秦南海郡辖南海县说商榷

本文通过对传世古官印"南海司空"之性质和新出土南越国木简所见"南海"地名之性质的重新研究,对秦南海郡辖有南海县说进行了商榷,认为所谓传世秦官印"南海司空"估计是南越国官印的误断,南越国木简所见"南海"地名指的当是南越国的南海郡,也不能排除是指南海郡治(即南越国都番禺城)的可能性,但没有任何证据可以证明指的是南海县,有学者推测秦代与南越国时期一样也设有南海县,显然缺乏立论的根基。     

鄂尔多斯博物馆馆藏北魏鎏金带饰的保护

鄂尔多斯博物馆馆藏的北魏时期鎏金铜带饰,体现了鲜卑族高超的铸造及鎏金工艺,是研究北魏时期冶金技术及工艺技术的珍贵实物资料.