太湖以东的水利、水学与社会(12-14世纪)

北宋后期,官府对太湖以东地区的治水由通盘整治转向局部开江,并进行圩田开发,这一治水策略在南宋到元代继续被沿用,官方默许地方加速围垦,并逐渐放弃大浚吴淞江的工程,而在吴淞江东北、东南两翼开浦。最后,太湖以东形成以东北泄水为主导的总体局面。南宋至元代官方的水利经营,实质上成为官府与富户之间利益妥协的结果。随着不同时期水利开发重心的转移,太湖地区水利学说的重点也随之变化。     

试析汕头澄海与“南澳Ⅰ号”的潜在联系

从澄海历史上的对外贸易方面来说,最迟在宋代韩江流域及其邻近地区已经开始大规模生产瓷器等对外贸易商品,并经韩江水路从澄海附近沿海港口及南海海上航路运销海外,到明万历时期前后经澄海沿海港口出海的外销商品生产及对外贸易更达到一个相对繁荣的局面。因此,汕头澄海与南澳Ⅰ号存在着非常密切的潜在联系。     

明前期江南水利格局的整体转变及相关问题

明代前期太湖流域上游改筑东坝等大工程的实施,令太湖来水情势发生突变,促使太湖以东以黄浦江为泄水主干的局面最终奠定,形成了江南水利的新格局。这一新格局伤及太湖以西的地方水利,却换来太湖向东泄水的稳定趋势,它改变了江南圩田开发的水环境,也提供了太湖以东进一步围垦土地的便利,水利徭役等赋役制度的改革亦由此展开。     

构建网络舆论战基础学科群的思考

在阐述构建网络舆论战基础学科群必要性的过程中,简要分析网络舆论战与不同学科的内在关系,阐明了网络舆论战研究的众多适用学科,并就如何构建我国网络舆论战基础学科群提出了粗浅的建议。     

新课改后体育课的几点思索

随着我国中学体育新课程标准的全面展开,崭新的体育课已经完全摈弃了原有的模式,替代它的是创新了教学内容和形式的更加富有时代气息和地域特点的新型体育课,意味着体育课堂教学形式在中国中小学体育课堂正式向多元化、开放性的方向发展。     

中国绅士化研究的本土实践：特征、议题与展望

针对新世纪以来我国绅士化实证研究文献,系统回顾与整理其特征与议题,有以下发现：①我国绅士化实证研究逐渐被关注并重视,案例地区主要聚焦长三角和珠三角地区,并扩展到东北及西部重要省会城市和旅游景区等;研究机构则主要集中在南京、广州、上海、北京等主要中心城市;②研究内容涉及多类绅士化现象、绅士化与公共政策、绅士化群体与文化驱动、绅士化与多种城市现象、绅士化的公平正义与社会影响以及教育驱动的绅士化等六大议题;③在与国际接轨的同时,研究注重与中国语境和特殊制度及城市现象的结合,逐渐形成“本土化”特色,但仍存在“有广度,轻深度”的问题。随着我国学界对绅士化议题关注热度逐渐升温,期望中国绅士化研究能瞄准国际前沿与国内需求,构建属于中国语境的理论框架与话语体系。     

中国祖先崇拜的起源和种族神话

如题目所见,这篇文章分两个部分,前者从考古上讨论中国祖先崇拜的起源,后者根据文献和作者对黄帝陵的实地考察,讨论黄帝如何从传说中的圣人最后变成全中国人民共祖的过程。从考古上研究祖先崇拜有许多局限性,尤其是在没有文字记载的史前时期更是如此。作者根据龙岗寺、史家、阳山和呈子等四个史前墓地祭祀坑的分布情况,提出中国的祖先崇拜至少可以上溯至新石器时代中期,大致经历了从"集体祖先崇拜"到针对个人的祖先崇拜的过程;文章还认为,从集体祖先到个人祖先祭祀仪式的转换过程,恰与从平等社会发展到等级社会的过程相呼应。进入商代之后,祖先崇拜仪式高度制度化,祖先崇拜渗透到国家政治生活的方方面面,在国家的起源和统治集团的合法化方面均发挥着不可替代的作用。根据作者的分类,祖先包括神话祖先和王室祖先,黄帝本是在商周之际被创造出来的神话祖先的一员,但是经过两千多年来的崇拜和祭祀,他从一个神话中的英雄,成为汉族的缔造者,进而成为全中国人民的共祖。作者仔细地考察了这个过程,并认为对黄帝的祭祀和崇拜,是历史上一系列政治运作的产物,神话的祖先既可以被创造,也可以被用来追求政治的和经济的目的。经过《古史辩》的深入讨论,黄帝的神性和神格本不成为问题,但是目前在考古界泛滥成灾的把考古发现跟传说人物对号入座的现象,应该可以在这篇短文里发现自己对古史的轻信和盲从。其实,对号入座本身,倒是我国考古界一个值得研究的学术问题。     

Origin of dolomites in the Cambrian (upper 3rd‐Furongian) formation,south‐eastern Sichuan Basin,China

The origin of large‐scale ancient dolomite is one of the most hotly debated topics in sedimentology. The Loushanguan group of the upper 3rd‐Furongian Cambrian series on the south‐eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin consists of numerous dolomites, and the origins of these dolomites have never been reported previously although they are probably good hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on a systematic analysis of petrology, fluid inclusions, carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs), this study provides some unique insights into the origins of the dolomites. Four dolomite types have been identified in the study area: dolomicrite, fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite, fabric‐obliterative dolomite and saddle dolomite cement. In the dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite, high Sr contents (with respect to the fabric‐obliterative dolomite) and the lack of two‐phase aqueous inclusions suggest that they formed at shallow‐to‐intermediate burial depths at low temperatures (<50–60°C). Carbon and oxygen isotopes and seawater‐like REE+Y characteristics of the dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite indicate that the dolomitizing fluids were evaporated seawater or slightly modified seawater. The obliteration of the original sedimentary fabric and relatively low δ¹⁸O and Sr values compared to the fabric‐retentive dolomite indicate that fabric‐obliterative dolomite formed at intermediate‐to‐deep burial diagenesis. The chemical composition approaches pure dolomite and the REE+Y characteristics are similar to those of the fabric‐retentive dolomite, indicating that the fabric‐obliterative dolomite was formed due to the recrystallization of the previously formed fabric‐retentive dolomite at elevated burial depths and temperatures. High fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (115–150°C), low δ¹⁸O values, nonplanar‐a crystals and seawater‐like REE+Y characteristics suggest that saddle dolomite cement formed by reprecipitation of dolomite that related to seawater‐driven and deep burial fluid. In the study area, dolomicrite and fabric‐retentive oolitic dolomite may have been formed by penecontemporaneous or seepage‐reflux dolomitization during early‐stage diagenesis. Subsequently, during progressive burial, most of the fabric‐retentive dolomite was converted into fabric‐obliterative dolomite by recrystallization. This study confirms that fabric‐obliterative dolomite was the main dolomite type, and although deeply buried, these Cambrian dolomites most likely have preserved coeval seawater geochemical signals.     

History,Chronology and Techno-Typology of the Upper Paleolithic Sequence in the Shuidonggou Area,Northern China

The timing and behavioral markers of the Upper Paleolithic in different parts of the world are of great importance to research on modern human dispersals. The pattern of behavioral developments in the Upper Paleolithic in northern China differs in important ways from the patterns observed in West Eurasia, Africa, and South Asia. Shuidonggou (SDG), a cluster of Paleolithic sites in northern China, contains several of the most important Upper Paleolithic sites in the region. Various localities yield evidence of three major cultural components dated by ¹⁴C, uranium-series, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods to between roughly 46 ka and 10 ka. The oldest component, blade assemblages with western Eurasian early Upper Paleolithic characteristics, appears to be intrusive from Siberia and/or Mongolia, beginning at least 41 ka (e.g., SDG 1 and SDG 9). Advanced core and flake assemblages may mark the appearance of an indigenous Late Paleolithic of North China beginning at around 33 ka (e.g., SDG 2 and SDG 8). Finally, around 10.5 ka, microblade technology arrived in the area (SDG 12), although we are not sure of its origins at present. Other typical Upper Paleolithic cultural remains, such as bone tools and body decorations, have been found at various localities in the SDG area as well (e.g., ostrich eggshell beads from SDG 2, 7, and 8). Information from this cluster of occupations increases our understanding of cultural variability, adaptation, and demographic dynamics of modern humans in Late Pleistocene northern Asia.

     

First record of Permianella He & Zhu, 1979 (Permianellidae; Brachiopoda) from Peninsular Malaysia

The first record of a permianellid species from the Leptodus shales of the Gua Musang Formation, northwest Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia is documented. The specimen is assigned to Permianella typica He & Zhu, 1979 and is most likely late Guadalupian in age based on its association with Vediproductus Sarytcheva (in Ruzhentsev & Sarytcheva 1965). This new record is the most southerly occurrence of the genus Permianella.