Relationality and territoriality: rethinking policy circulation of industrial heritage reuse in Chongqing,China

ABSTRACT

Following the adoption of a socialist market economy in 1978, the Chinese city has accommodated radical changes in its urban industrial landscapes. In contrast with the large-scale reuse of industrial landscapes in the eastern Chinese cities, inland China has been witnessing the rapid disappearance of industrial heritage. The disparity of heritage conservation outcomes across urban China raises questions about why some leading cities conserve their heritage better or more readily than others, and why the same planning ideas, policies, and practice borrowed from elsewhere cannot be easily transferred or copied in the western cities. This paper applies the relational and territorial approach developed in the literature of urban policy transfer and mobilities to heritage studies. By conducting a case study in Chongqing, this paper examines how industrial heritage reuse has travelled as a global concept with its Chinese precedents to Chongqing, and why the idea has been diluted in the local context. The Chongqing case reveals that the heritage idea has travelled globally and nationally from eastern China and has mutated in respond to local circumstances. It is thus argued that the consequence of industrial heritage reuse can best be understood through a combined approach of relationality and territoriality.     

唐苏同家族墓出土陶质彩绘天王俑胎体的科学分析

In April 2021, several exquisitely decorated figurines of Heavenly Kings were unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs of Su Tong's family in Xianyang, Shanxi Province. However, for each figurine, the outer side was unevenly red and black, and the center and interior of the body black, and the mechanical properties extremely poor (disintegrated by water). To scientifically restore and conserve the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings, we carried out scientific analyses of their materials and their firing process. The composition, structure, firing temperature and mechanical properties of the figurine remnants were determined and analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a simultaneous thermal analyzer, a thermal dilatometer, an X - ray photoelectron spectrometer, a universal testing machine and a hardness tester. The experimental results show that 1) the figurines were made of fusible clay containing quartz, albite, calcite, muscovite, clinochlore and other minerals; 2) the figurines were sintered between 300 ~400 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere, the internal sintering degree being lower than that of the external surface and the uneven atmosphere leading to the differences in color among various parts of a figurine ； 3 ) the mechanical strength of the figurines was low, with a flexural strength of about 2 MPa and a hardness of 54 〜71 HD. The study provides a scientific basis for the effective conservation and reasonable preservation of the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings and of other similar kinds of cultural relics. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

秦汉国家统治机构中的“司空”

秦与西汉政府在郡国县乡设置过司空,掌管水利、土建工程,役使罪犯劳作,并负责徭役征发和追缴逋贷等事务。朝廷有邦司空、中司空,九卿属下也有监管刑徒劳作的多种司空机构,附设诏狱。西汉末至东汉前期,陆续撤销京师郡县的各种司空部门,仅在三公中保留司空,残存的罪犯劳动组织改称作部。其原因主要是国家统治政策以及刑法、徭役制度发生变化,罪犯劳动在经济领域中的地位和影响严重下降,致使司空机构逐步退出历史舞台。     

两件秦代铅钡玻璃腐蚀特征研究

铅钡玻璃是我国特有的玻璃体系，主要集中在战国至两汉时期。随着越来越多的铅钡玻璃完整器被发现，相关的风化腐蚀研究和保护工作逐渐展开。本研究以陕西临潼新丰秦墓和河南三门峡秦墓出土的两件秦代(公元前221—公元前207)铅钡玻璃为样本，采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱仪对铅钡玻璃的腐蚀层进行成分与结构分析，结果表明铅钡玻璃腐蚀层的钡大部分流失至环境或腐蚀层外侧，腐蚀层的主要物相为碳酸铅。腐蚀层的形成与铅钡玻璃埋藏环境中水位和酸碱度的周期性变化有关。本研究对铅钡玻璃保护工作具有参考价值，也为古代玻璃文物的预防性保护提供了有益的信息。     

试论唐宋时期的陶瓷虎枕

陶瓷虎枕是宋、金时期流行的一种很有特点的生活用具。其开始出现于唐,盛于金,元以后逐渐消失。本文通过对出土和馆藏资料的分析,对虎枕出现和流行的时代、分布地域和窑口及其流行原因等诸问题进行了探讨。     

御赐僧格林沁祭文稿本略考

祭文是古代哀祭文的一种，在告祭神灵、祭祀天地山川、或亡者（包括往圣亲友等）时为祈福或表示哀悼之情而写，以祝祷和哀悼为主，一般在设祭时宣读。     

基于最小生成树Kruskal算法的皖北地区旅游交通优化与线路组织

探讨了图论最小生成树Kruskal算法在旅游交通优化与线路组织中运用的可行性和应用原则,并将其用于皖北地区旅游交通优化与线路组织实践上。通过此算法求得联结皖北主要旅游目的地城市最优树,并依照皖北地区各旅游目的地城市的实际情况进行修正,得出理想的旅游交通格局。在此基础上设计出三条主题旅游线路,即沿淮自然风光、历史文化主题旅游线路、沿涡河—淮河历史文化主题旅游线路和两淮工业旅游、历史文化主题旅游线路。最后将理想线路与实际情况进行了比较,并针对该地区旅游交通功能提升和旅游线路产品升级提出相应对策。     

The evolution of maritime Chinese historiography in the United States: toward a transnational and interdisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT

Once considered a marginal side-story to the Fairbank-inspired narrative of an agrarian-centered, land-bound China, Chinese maritime history has received increasing attention in the United States as a research field in its own right. Through sustained engagement with trends in regional, comparative, military, and global histories, and dialogue with European and Asian academia, the efforts of several generations of scholars after Fairbank have slowly broken down his paradigm. Studies of maritime China are increasingly showing a broad, integrated maritime East Asian region comprising the seas and their littoral from the Sea of Japan to the Strait of Melaka. This article surveys the historiographical development of the field. It also highlights my work-in-progress on autonomous overseas Chinese polities along the Gulf of Siam littoral in mainland Southeast Asia during the eighteenth century as one possible future path for the study of maritime Chinese history.