让趣味教学充满初中英语课堂

在英语教学中,要努力创设轻松、和谐、教学相长的教学情境。以学生为主体,以趣味活动为主线。以学生心智发展为重点,让学生经常获得学习成功的喜悦,从而培养学生的浓厚的学习兴趣。     

如何编写大事记

本文结合审查第二轮部分市（县）志稿实践,从四个方面阐述大事记在志书中的作用及撰写大事记应该注意的问题。一、大事记在志书中的地位及其作用;二、大事记的收录标准与大事遴选;三、大事记的编纂体例;四、大事记事条的撰写及应该注意的问题。     

Measuring the Structure of Road Networks

Spatial networks display both topologic and geometric variations in their structure. This study investigates the measurement of a road network structure. Existing measures of heterogeneity, connectivity, accessibility, and interconnectivity are reviewed and three supplemental measures are proposed, including measures of entropy, connection patterns, and continuity. The proposed measures were applied to 16 test networks, which were derived from four idealized base networks: 90°, 45°, 30°, and completely connected. The results show that the differentiated structures of road networks can be evaluated by the measure of entropy; predefined connection patterns of arterial roads can be identified and quantified by the measures of ringness, webness, beltness, circuitness, and treeness. A measure of continuity evaluates the quality of a network from the perspective of travelers. Proposed measures could be used to describe the structural attributes of complicated road networks quantitatively, to compare different network structures, and to explore the structural evolution of networks in the spatial and temporal context. These measures can find application in urban planning and transportation practice.     

打赢“两全目标”攻坚战 谋划新时代地方志事业发展蓝图——在2020年全国省级地方志机构主任工作会议暨全国地方志事业发展规划研讨会上的讲话

2020年是全面建成小康社会和"十三五"规划收官之年,也是全国地方志系统决胜完成"两全目标"之年。在这重要时刻,我们召开此次会议,科学谋划未来五年地方志事业发展蓝图,具有重要意义。我谨代表中国地方志指导小组,对各位代表表示热烈欢迎!并通过你们,向全国地方志工作者致以诚挚问候和衷心感谢!     

以诸贤意法 绘千尺琅玕——苏州博物馆藏王翚《水竹幽居图》赏析及其他馆藏

<正>苏州顾氏过云楼旧藏《赵天裕、柯九思、赵原、顾安、张绅、吴镇六家墨竹卷》(简称元《七君子图》)和《王翚水竹幽居图卷》两幅珍贵书画于苏州博物馆建馆50周年之际正式被我馆收藏,实乃苏州文物史上的一段佳话。王石谷(1632-1717年)《水竹幽居图卷》(图1)引首为手绘百花笺,纸亦古旧。画面以平远法展开江南柳塘小景,湖面静阔,岸边茅屋、小桥,远处山岭隐现,溪水迂回,绕坡入湖。前景坡岸     

对夏商分界的一点看法

从夏商文化在夏商之际地域分布的变化看,夏商分界当在南关外型商文化第一、二组之间。二里头四期晚段文化是最晚阶段的夏文化,其绝对年代没有进入早商。     

纪念性建筑:象征性行为之热动力学解释

在考古研究与文明探源中,宏伟的纪念性建筑如金字塔、宫殿、庙宇陵墓常被视为文明灿烂程度的重要标志。本文中,布鲁斯·特里格借鉴热动力学方法来看待这个问题,并用"最省力"原则来剖析这种毫无回报的能量投入。热动力学用计算或衡量社会能量投入的劳力和数量来衡量这个社会的权力和复杂化程度,随着社会复杂化的进程和文明的起源,人类的生产方式发生了一种重大的变化。一般来说,无论是动物还是人类的生存都遵循一种"最省力"的原则,即在从事任何活动如生产和分配食物和其他资源时都力求节省能量,也即我们今天所谓的讲究"效益"。"最省力"原则完全不适用于祭祀建筑的营造和奢侈品的生产,而表现了一种"显赫消费"的特点。如果权力经济主导着这些物品的生产,那么消耗能量、特别以一种非实用目的来消耗他人能量的方式便成为衡量权力大小的标志。于是,权力能够从象征性上予以表达和强化的最基本方式,就是为非实用的目的而消费能量。从经济学角度来说,权力的"显赫消费"和全部依赖社会剩余产品的特点,很容易损害支撑这个社会系统存在的经济基础。当统治阶层将大量的社会资源和能量投入毫无回报和经济效益可言的祭祀和炫耀活动中去的时候,其结果很快就会达到开始损害其经济基础一点。当整个社会的运转完全为了维持等级体制而非供养民生,当"显赫消费"逐渐开始透支能量和耗竭资源、无法再从物质上来维持统治阶层的神圣地位时,这个复杂社会的崩溃就不可避免。为什么考古学上所谓"满天星斗"的史前文明大部分都是流星一闪,究其原因可能可以从权力的政治经济学上来找答案。     

彩袖化彩虹幸福奔小康——土族阿姑席玉秀的创业之路

这里就是小庄村。它位于互助土族自治县县城西南,距县城中心1公里,是一个土族聚居的城郊村。全村共有农户146户,人口550人,其中土族544人,占总人口的99％,耕地面积837．22亩,人均不到2亩。     

中国藏传佛教艺术研究的进展(英文)

In the last ten years Tibetan studies has made great strides in China.Many scholars have shifted their interests to Tibetan art and gradually realized that these artistic works,containing the ideal of wisdom and compassion,will give them the key to this mysterious     

文本与权力:清至民国时期江西万载地方志分析

As the main literature of socio-economic history, local gazetteers display the dynamic process of local socio-economic structuring and reflect local conflicts among various interest groups. Focusing on local gazetteers in Wanzai County of Jiangxi Province from the Qing to the Republic, this essay shows how local literati played an active role in constructing their local community. These gazetteers reflected the complicated power relations, especially the conflict between the natives and immigrants, and they themselves became the important part of the process of local power reproduction and culture construction. __________ Translated by Luo Hui from Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), 2008, (9): 70–81