略述洪武二十二年湖广练兵与贵州部分卫所旗军来源

随着洪武二十一年、二十二年再征云南,东川蛮、越州阿资、湖广九溪蛮被陆续讨平.为稳定西南局势,明廷命开国诸将分驻湖广、四川卫所操练,以防西南蛮.贵州卫所的设置达到了第二个高潮,从湖广等地垛集民丁补充贵州新设卫所屯戍力量,遂成为其重要举措.在此背景下,清浪卫、安南卫、威清卫、平溪卫从湖广黄州府麻城县、黄冈县、蕲州、黄梅县、广济县;宝庆府武冈州、新化县、邵阳县;长沙府湘乡县地区垛集大批民丁编入军伍.垛集民丁而来的军人,是贵州卫所军最不可忽视的主体,洪武再征云南,使卫所在贵州的统治地位最终得以巩固.     

《大学》与人格修养

本文依托于上古时期的巫术文化,对《大学》的上古背景进行了深刻的阐述.在仔细辨识"德"、"学"等字义的前提下,从三大纲领、八大条目和义利之辨三个方面,依据"明明德"的天道启示,详细阐述了儒家经典的人格修养"忠恕之道,一以贯之"的深刻内容.从人之所以为人的敬畏之心、反省之心、创新之心等等各个方面讲述了人格修养的途径与内容.     

三组明清织物装饰捻金线的技术分析与比较研究

为了对比分析不同金属线的形貌、材质和工艺差异,理解不同时代金属线差异产生的原因,利用显微形貌观察与科学仪器分析对三组明清纺织品捻金线样品的金属箔条、有机质背层、芯线进行了形貌观察分析。对比了三组捻金线的形貌、结构、尺寸和材质特征,对其制作工艺进行了对比分析,得出了三组捻金线的质量优劣等次,发现了金属线的选用与被装饰织物的时代、功用性质和文化属性之间存在一定关系的现象。含金量高的金属箔条、蚕丝芯线、尺寸纤细、制作精细的捻金线属于高等次的捻金线,常用于等级高、文化属性及功用重要的纺织品文物装饰,其中不带背层的金属线等级又高于带有背层的金属线。本研究对开展金属线系统分析和金属线对比研究具有较高的参考价值。     

First report of Cixiidae insect fossils from the Miocene of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their palaeoenvironmental implications

Li, Y., Liu, X., Ren, D., Li, X. & Yao, Y., June 2016. First report of Cixiidae insect fossils from the Miocene of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their palaeoenvironmental implications. Alcheringa 41, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

A new insect species, Cixius discretus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha), from the Lower Miocene Garang Formation of Zeku County, Qinghai Province (northeastern Tibetan Plateau) is described. This species can be assigned to Cixiidae and represents the first fossil representative of this family from Qinghai Province. Based on the recent single-origin hypothesis and the distribution of tectonic plates in the Cretaceous, we consider that ancient Cixius had dispersed globally prior to the Cretaceous. Through analysis of the habitats of extant Cixius, the palaeoclimate and fossil flora of the Zeku area during the Miocene, we interpret the climate of Zeku in the early Miocene to have been warm-temperate and mildly arid. The new species constitutes evidence of wooded and shrubby habitats in Zeku during the Miocene.

Yi Li [liy0124@sina.com], XiaoHui Liu [liuxh8917@163.com], Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn] and YunZhi Yao [yunzhi@cnu.edu.cn], College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; XiangChuan Li [lzulixiangchuan@163.com], College of Earth Sciences and Resources & Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, PR China.     

Application of geometric morphometric analyses to confirm two new species of Karatavitidae (Hymenoptera: Karatavitoidea) from northeastern China

SHIH, M.J.H., LI, L.F. & REN, D., April 2017. Application of geometric morphometric analyses to confirm two new species of Karatavitidae (Hymenoptera:Karatavitoidea) from northeastern China. Alcheringa 41, 499–508. ISSN 0311-5518

Two new species, Praeratavites rasnitsyni and Karatavites ningchengensis in the wasp family Karatavitidae, are described and illustrated. These specimens were collected from the uppermost Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou Village in Inner Mongolia, China. Key venation characters, as measured by relative positions or length ratios, are summarized for all documented species of Karatavites and Praeratavites to facilitate morphological comparisons and assess whether the studied specimens are referable to new species. In addition, geometric morphometric analyses were conducted to confirm the distinction of the new species, which add to the diversity of these genera in the Middle Jurassic.

Matthew J.H. Shih* [mpshih88@gmail.com] Union County Magnet High School, Scotch Plains, NJ 07076, USA; Longfeng Li [fenger4499@163.com] and Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn] College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China. *Also affiliated with: Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.     

New fossil helorid wasps (Hymenoptera,Proctotrupoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of China

Li, L., Shih, C. & Ren, D., February 2017. New fossil helorid wasps (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Alcheringa 41, 474–486. ISSN 0311-5518

Two new genera with two new species, Bellohelorus fortis and Novhelorus macilentus, and one new species, Protocyrtus parilis, within an established genus are described. Laiyanghelorus erymnus is re-described based on well-preserved specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Huangbanjigou Village, Beipiao City, Western Liaoning Province, China. Three taxonomic changes are proposed: Liaoropronia Zhang & Zhang is transferred from Roproniidae to Heloridae, and Novhelorus saltatrix (Shi, Zhao, Shih & Ren) and Spherogaster beipiaoensis (Shi, Zhao, Shih & Ren) are recombined. In addition, Gurvanhelorus mongolicus Rasnitsyn is tentatively considered a synonym of Protocyrtus validus Zhang & Zhang. A key to all genera of Heloridae is provided. All described helorid fossils with their distribution and geological age are summarized. Key forewing characters are compared for all fossil species to show the interspecific venational differences, which highlight a high level of genus-level diversity among Mesozoic helorids.

Longfeng Li [fenger4499@163.com], Chungkun Shih* [chungkun.shih@gmail.com] and Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn], College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China. *Also affiliated with Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. Received 20.4.2016; revised 19.9.2016; accepted 11.11.2016.     

教育管理发展需要的评估

教育管理发展需要的评估是影响教育管理目标达成的要素。本文在分析教育管理与评估的内涵及其关系的基础上,提出教育管理发展需要做好评估工作的具体措施和办法,以使管理向着更高层次发展。     

金华山风景名胜区建设方略

本文从金华山国家级风景名胜区的建设现状出发,通过系统分析该区的开发历史和自然与人文资源背景,提出建设其为中国道教名山和浙中旅游胜地的规划总体构思,并且提出实现这些远景建设目标的部分近期起步对策和措施。     

建设生态示范区——推动区域可持续发展的实践模式

本文在分析国内外生态示范区建设的背景及实践的基础上,论述了区域可持续发展与生态示范区建设的内涵,讨论了生态示范区建设规划的编制程序及突出特点。     

葡萄牙与《中葡和好贸易条约》的签订

《中葡和好贸易条约》是近代以来中葡两国草签的一个重要条约,葡萄牙政府在谈判过程中曾采用各种手段,以期从法律上确认对澳门的占领,清朝谈判官员的昏聩,使葡萄牙人几乎实现了他们在几个世纪里梦寐以求的目的。只是清政府在换约前提出修改条约的主张,才使其努力功亏一篑。本文依据中葡双方的档案史料,对葡萄牙殖民主义者在这次修约交涉中企图侵占澳门的险恶用心和卑劣手法做一概括说明。