基于行动者网络的乡村转型及其空间生产研究——以凤和空港小镇为例

本文基于“网络结构—作用因子”互补视角综合运用行动者网络理论与空间生产理论，采用半结构访谈法，以广州市凤和空港小镇为典型案例，深度分析乡村转型的具体过程与逻辑内涵，并证实了空间生产的运作机制与行动者网络构建过程的内在关联性。研究表明，凤和空港小镇通过创建文旅型美丽乡村构建了行动者网络，政府、企业、游客、村民等异质行动者互构空间，使原来的空心村、贫困村转型为现代商业社区；空港小镇的乡村转型本质上是将传统村落社群“生产”为都市消费空间的空间商品化过程，以资本、权力、消费文化为主导的空间生产过程，在多方关系交织与话语建构下表现为错综复杂的社会效应。     

黑水城出土西夏《阿弥陀佛接引图》中龙凤纹佛衣考

龙凤纹样组合作为中原王朝皇帝服装纹样组合最早出现在南朝梁时期,大约到了宋代开始成为帝王的专用服饰纹样。唐宋都曾出现皇帝加封道教神祇帝号,所以让这些拥有帝号的道教神祇穿着帝王服装的情况也比较普遍,但在佛教服装中出现龙凤纹样组合的情况却比较鲜见。饰有"龙凤纹"的佛教服装应该早在西夏时期已经出现,西夏佛衣上出现龙凤纹大致是受到帝王造等身佛像、中原道教及唃厮啰佛教信仰的影响。     

Early history of Chinese domestic sheep indicated by ancient DNA analysis of Bronze Age individuals

China has a long history of sheep husbandry, and has several indigenous sheep breeds. However, the exact geographic origin of Chinese domestic sheep remains unclear. To provide valuable genetic information for origin of Chinese domestic sheep, we performed an ancient DNA study on 22 sheep excavated from four Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northern China. Two lineages (A and B) were observed in ancient Chinese sheep, of which lineage A was predominant reaching a frequency of 95.5%. Furthermore, phylogenetic network showed that the most frequent haplotype in ancient sheep was the founder of lineage A. These results suggest that Lineage A may hold the key to understanding the origin of Chinese domestic sheep. Sequence sharing and principal component analysis showed that the ancient Chinese sheep had a close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. However, there was no significant breed structure among three modern Chinese sheep groups, making it difficult to determine their relationship to ancient Chinese sheep. Lastly, our results imply that ancient DNA analysis could provide a new way to investigate prehistoric East-West contact.