有关农业产业化与农业社会化服务体系问题探讨

农业产业化是现代农业发展的趋势和特点。在我国农业产业化作为一种新的生产经营方式,是改革与发展的产物。健全和完善不同特色系列的农业社会化服务体系是农业产业化发展的客观要求和保证,二者相辅相成。本文以陕西关中地区为例,在分析现状特点、存在问题、相互关系的基础上,提出了适宜重点发展的四种"匹配模式"。并认为在思想上,要实现"三破三立";在战略上,要调整和优化"三大结构";在举措上,要做到"三个依靠、三个结合。     

中国政区地理的发展与成就

本文系统总结了中国政区地理的发展与成就。指出:古代以沿革地理著述为主,近代以省制改革研究为重点,新中国政区地理研究经历了由"禁区"走向开放繁荣的发展过程。     

伪满"勤劳奉公法"的出台及其与协和会的关系

抗战时期,伪满政府为了解决劳动力的缺乏,在协和会的推动下,掀起了国民“勤劳奉公”运动。在运动中,协和会作为伪满政权最高的国民组织体,从组织上、思想上、实践上积极动员青年学生参加,为“勤劳奉公”制度的实施作了最充分的思想动员,并培养了大量的后备军,从而为该制度的最终建立奠定了基础。在协和会的推动下,伪满政府颁布了“勤劳奉公法”,使之成为伪满后期劳务新体制的重要内容。该法律的根本目的,是日本军国主义为了确保劳力供给资源,利用国家权利来掠夺青年劳动力。     

北京地区碑刻中的旗人史料

在现存清代北京地区石刻中,旗人石刻占有很大比例.旗人石刻类型多样,主要有刻石、摩崖、碑碣、墓志等,内容涉及八旗制度乃至满汉旗民的诸多方面,且所详者又往往可补文献史书之阙,研究价值之高不言而喻.     

越南古籍目录概略

在整个汉文化圈之中,越南是中国之外使用汉字历史最长的国家.从古代越南铜鼓铭文及各种南越古冢出土物来看,早在公元以前,篆字就已在南部越南流传.     

Accurate identification of the pastry contained in a ceramic pot excavated from Jurou Li's grave from the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 ce) in Xi'an,Shaanxi, China

In order to identify accurately the circular object contained in the ceramic pot excavated from Jurou Li's grave of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 ce ) in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, mass spectrometry was applied to determine the amino acid sequences of the residual proteins extracted from the sample, after preliminary starch grain analysis. The sequences were searched against a standard protein sequence database. The proteins extracted were identified as originating from domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare), soybean (Glycine max), and fermentative microorganisms (Kluyveromyces lactis, Lipomyces starkeyi, Wickerhamomyces ciferrii, Nadsonia fulvescens and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii). These findings indicate that the extremely degraded object in the ceramic pot was made from barley by fermentation with the addition of soy sauce, providing direct evidence of culinary culture in the Jin dynasty.     

Budgetary Punctuations: A Fiscal Management Perspective

Although the development of punctuated equilibrium theory makes broad reference to the bureaucratic procedures that regulate budgetary decision making and makes reasonable assumptions about the influence of those procedures on the dynamic of resource allocation, little is known about how the specific mechanisms work. This has led to a call to understand the processes that cause friction in greater detail. This study examines how budgetary output patterns may be influenced by governments' strategic fiscal choices. Using an approach that highlights the roles of various fiscal policy-making processes, we found significant deviations of budgetary output patterns in capital projects, restricted funds, and entitlement spending, thus signifying the influence of fiscal practices on resource allocation decisions. We further examined how fiscal influences may be realized in the political process of democratization in Hong Kong. By examining legislative filibuster cases related to capital projects, we found evidence associating democratization with greater institutional friction and consequently with larger budgetary output punctuations.     

俄罗斯档案馆藏北堂西文书目考

19世纪上半叶,天主教传教士遭到清政府的驱逐。北京天主教传教士在末路之际,只好把在华三百年间积累的图书即北堂藏书委托给经中俄两国政府协议规定常驻北京的俄国东正教使团。俄国东正教使团接收图书后逐一整理,并安排使团成员戈什克维奇为这批图书登记编目,这是北堂藏书在历史上的第一次编目,该目录现收藏于俄联邦外交部沙俄对外政策档案馆。1860年俄国特使伊格纳季耶夫在北京将这批图书交付法国特使葛罗,归还给北京天主教团。1861-1862年间北京天主教狄仁吉神父整理天主教藏书并编目,1949年北京天主教惠泽霖神父再次整理编目并出版《北堂图书馆藏西文善本目录》。俄藏北堂西文藏书目录揭示了19世纪天主教传教士在北京被驱逐时的藏书情况,折射出天主教入华传教士在华近三百年间传播西方思想文化和科学技术的知识基础。