成都蒲江飞虎村出土错金银带钩保护修复

成都文物考古研究院于2016年在蒲江飞虎村发掘了60座战国晚期墓葬,共出土青铜器181件(套)。其中M39出土了一件表面锈蚀覆盖严重的错金银青铜带钩,但其上错金银纹饰无法分辨,为还原其历史、艺术与研究价值,需对其表面锈蚀物进行清除。 采用X射线成像系统、体视显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜-能谱系统、X射线衍射仪等对带钩的保存状况、材质、锈蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明带钩上分布有精美的金银装饰纹饰,且金和银交替使用;带钩基体保存较差,锈蚀程度较重;部分区域金银丝已脱落。表面锈蚀覆盖严重,部分区域存在裂隙。带钩基体为铅锡青铜铸造组织,铜含量为73.0%,锡含量为11.4%,铅含量为13.7%;镶嵌的金、银丝样品呈倒三角形,均为热锻而成,金丝金含量为88.8%、银含量为11.2%;银丝银含量为95.8%,铜含量为2.4%。带钩锈蚀物大致分为两层,最外层绿色的锈蚀物为孔雀石,内层红色锈蚀物为赤铜矿。 在科学认知带钩保存状况、材质、锈蚀产物等的基础上,针对性地采用化学加固—机械法与化学法结合除锈—化学加固—缓蚀封护—粘接补配的技术路线对带钩进行了保护修复。对于细小裂隙选用渗透性很好、颜色轻微变化的Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液,使用注射器少量多次滴渗加固;较大裂隙使用粘接强度好、渗透性适当的Hxtal NYL-1(海克斯塔)双组份环氧树脂,用小的针尖少量多次点渗入裂隙加固。对于外层绿色锈蚀物,先采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠水溶液软化,再配合使用机械法刮除去除;内层暗红色的氧化亚铜锈蚀先使用半胱氨酸水溶液软化,再配合机械法刮除。同时在锈蚀物去除过程中对出现松动的金银丝及时使用Araldite 2020型双组份环氧树脂进行加固。除锈结束后使用超纯水深度清洗清除试剂残留。使用苯并三氮唑乙醇溶液进行缓蚀处理,Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液进行封护处理。带钩的粘接补配先使用Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液预加固茬口,DG-4环氧树脂配合玻璃纤维布和销钉粘接补配。 本工作在利用现代仪器分析方法充分认识文物信息的基础上,根据文物实际情况,各种保护修复方法配合使用,对每种方法存在的弊端制定和采取相应的补救措施,最终在达到保护修复目的、恢复文物历史、艺术与研究价值的同时,最大限度地减少对文物造成的损伤。     

Reconstruction of diets based on the Δ15N values of individual amino acids at three sites in Sichuan,China

This study analyzes the nitrogen isotope composition of individual amino acids in collagen extracted from human bone samples from the Gaoshan, Yingpanshan, and Xinyicun sites in Sichuan, where the isotope baseline is unavailable or incomparable with the isotopic data derived from human remains. It aims to understand the food compositions of the inhabitants at these sites, spanning the period from the late Neolithic to the middle Bronze Age, during which time agriculture and domestication of animals were introduced to the region and became increasingly important. The δ¹⁵N values of two amino acids, phenylalanine (δ¹⁵N_Phe) and glutamic acid (δ¹⁵N_Glu), indicate that the peoples on the Chengdu Plain mainly consumed terrestrial foods. The contribution of aquatic resources to their diet was limited. A possible explanation for the low dependence on aquatic foods is that the developed agriculture and domestication of animals offered sufficient foods. Such subsistence economies and dietary patterns were shaped in the early Baodun period (ca. 2,500–2000 BCE) at the latest and did not seem to change when transiting to the Bronze Age. This study also assesses the significance of these subsistence practices in supporting the social development of the Chengdu Plain.     

左江流域种植业区划

左江流域六县(市)地处桂西南喀斯特地区,区内农业资源和生产水平各有差异。为了配合该地区经济的全面开发,我们收集了该地区七十一个行政乡农业生产有关的特征数据,运用数学的方法--聚类分析法和电子计算机技术,对该地区农业的空间布局进行合理调整--种植业类型区划分,并分别论述各类型区的特点及今后发展方向。为该地区今后在农业生产上做到宜地适种、扬长避短,并在此基础上向区域化、集约化的农业迈进提供科学依据。     

山岳风景区旅游经济效益研究——以安徽黄山为例

旅游经济效益是山岳风景区旅游发展主要内容之一,本文以安徽黄山为例,结合其它国家级山岳风景区情况,分析了山岳风景区旅游经济效益现状,就如何提高旅游经济效益发表了若干建设性意见。     

已佚1590年单幅中国大地图研究

透过法国制图家桑松1656年绘制的中国地图,揭示已佚的由耶稣会士罗明坚与意大利制图家内罗尼合作的1590年单幅中国大地图面貌,指出此图主体部分是由罗明坚依据《大明一统文武诸司衙门官制》所载中文舆图摹绘的抄摹型分省图稿拼合而成的,拼合主要基于对分省图稿省际河道比较随意的连接,造成水系、诸省轮廓及方位等重大错误。部分图示还借鉴1584年刻印的巴尔布达"中国新图"。此图是已知最早的单幅西文中国详图,虽有缺陷,但对中国地理面貌的展现较此前西文地图有所推进。     

宋恕维新思想述论

宋恕是近代维新思想家。早在1892年,他就给李鸿章上书,提出更官制、设议院、改试令、易西服的变法主张。他反对当时在思想界占统治地位的程朱理学,把秦汉以来的儒学视为阳儒阴法之学。他以复兴孔孟儒学为己任,要在“复教改制”的前提下进行变法。他主张学习日本,实施全民义务教育。他同情妇女苦难,提出了一系列解放妇女的主张,其思想在当时维新派中是较为突出的。     

永乐甜白方高足杯

本文介绍了永乐甜白方足高足杯的形制特点。     

出土汉代饱水苇编物的清理和加固

本文详细叙述了对一件汉代饱水苇编物的清洗和加固,并对乙二醛加固剂的浓度和酸度控制以及加固剂组成和结构进行了讨论。     

传统绘画理论对水彩画的影响

水彩画作为外来画种，一方面深受其自身发展传统的影响，另一方面又受到中国传统绘画精神和审美、文化等因素的影响，形成了中国水彩画艺术的审美品质。     

School accessibility and academic achievement in a rural area of Taiwan

This study empirically analyzes the influence of school accessibility on student academic achievement in a rural area of Taiwan. The sample population comprised elementary and junior high-school students in Pinlin, a small village outside Taipei City, the capital of Taiwan. Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey and analyzed via linear regression and ordered logit regression for continuous grade point average and discrete letter grade, respectively. Compared with previous research, this study presents the following new findings: (1) similar to elementary-school children, travel obstacles also negatively affected learning achievement of junior high-school adolescents; (2) travel obstacles affected academic achievement more significantly for adolescents than children; and (3) travel obstacles affected letter grades more significantly than grade point averages in children. The empirical evidence indicates that travel obstacles explain the academic achievements of children and adolescents with moderate or weak significance.