1940年代后期的国立高校治理——以清华、北大为例

1940年代后期的清华大学和北京大学校务管理中,教授的地位举足轻重.教授的"治校",不仅限于学术性事务,而且包括几乎所有学校事务;不仅作为群体发挥作用,而且作为个体深度介入;不仅"参与"校务,而且"决定"校务.他们不仅是学校几乎所有事务的决策者,而且是执行者和监督者.这是一种比较完整意义上的教授治校制度.     

镰仓、室町时期的茶文化与日本茶道

成立于战国后期的日本茶道（初期称为“茶汤”或“佗茶”）,虽然在形式上与南北朝时的“婆娑罗寄合”这种喧闹、奢靡的饮茶之风迥然不同,甚至与室町幕府的将军所举行的茶会也有很大的差异,但是禅的精神的融入,正是对“婆娑罗寄合”的一种反省与反动,而室町幕府茶会中的“唐物数寄”、以建盏天目茶碗为代表的“茶具足”和“书院座敷”这三个基本文化元素,是后来日本的茶道得以成立的非常重要的前提条件。“书院座敷”构成了茶道得以展开的基本空间,“茶具足”是茶道得以进行的基本器具,而“唐物数寄”则是使整个茶道活动充满了优雅文化气息的基本组成。     

Phytolith-rich layers from the Late Bronze and Iron Ages at Tel Dor (Israel): mode of formation and archaeological significance

The presence of many phytolith-rich layers in late Bronze and Iron Age deposits at Tel Dor, Israel, are indicative of specific locations where plants were concentrated. Detailed studies of six of these phytolith-rich layers and associated sediments from Tel Dor show that the phytoliths were derived mainly from wild and domestic grasses. The most common domestic grass was the cereal Triticum aestivum (bread wheat). Three of these layers have a microlaminated microstructure, associated dung spherulites and phosphate nodules; characteristics that all point to the phytolith-rich layers having formed from dung in animal enclosures. In two of the layers, the microlaminated structure is absent while dung spherulites and phosphate nodules are present, suggesting that these too originate from dung that was not deposited in an enclosure. The sixth layer is microlaminated but does not contain spherulites. We thus cannot suggest a parsimonious explanation of its observed properties. Concentrations of burnt phytoliths are present in three locations, implying that dung was either burnt in situ or the ashes from burnt dung were redeposited. The transformation of dung accumulations into phytolith-rich layers involves a loss of organic material and hence a significant reduction in sediment volume, which is clearly apparent in the stratigraphy of some of the locations examined. The volume reduction can be observed in the macrostratigraphy and has important implications with regard to macrostratigraphic interpretation. The presence of abundant phytolith-rich layers on the tell has significant implications for the concept of ‘urbanism’ during these periods.     

文物保护技术新世纪展望

新世纪中有机氟材料将在物保护领域广泛应用,纳米材抖将从物保护新材料中脱颖而出,抑制微生物腐蚀将成为物保护工作重中之重,互联网将在物保护工作中发挥巨大效率。     

江苏考古工作世纪之初的思考

20世纪江苏考古学取得了一系列骄人的业绩,进入新世纪江苏考古的体制建设、学科建设、人才建设以及在工作中的课题意识：团结协作精神等等都面临着如何与时俱进的新挑战。     

旅游体验前后日常环境行为对具体地点环境行为的影响——以大学生黄山旅游体验为例

明确日常生活中与旅游情境下环境责任行为之间的关系对于推进个体环境责任行为具有重要意义。将黄山旅游体验操作化为体验经历，以同一批次黄山旅游者游前、游后的环境责任行为调查数据为基础，运用Smart PLS软件，基于最小二乘法，对游前和游后的日常环境责任行为对具体地点环境责任行为之间的影响关系进行检验。研究结果表明：①游前和游后数据均显示，日常环境责任行为不同维度均部分影响具体地点环境责任行为，但影响有限。②行为之间相似性越高，越容易产生影响。③旅游体验后的日常环境责任行为对具体地点环境责任行为的影响略大于游前两者之间的影响，旅游体验可能会增强行为之间的正向影响。