X. X. Zhang  X. R. Wang  X. T. Wu  Z. Y. Jin  H. R. Zhang  F. Huang 《Archaeometry》2018,60(1):157-170

Yelang (夜郎), a mysterious state located in the south‐western area of early China and dating from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1300 bc – ad 25), is a cultural interactive junction between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River Basin. The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County, Guizhou Province, was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization. This area, which includes sites at Jigongshan (鸡公山; 1300 – 800 bc ), Hongyingpan (红营盘; 700 – 400 bc ) and Yinzitan (银子坛; 400 bc – ad 25), has provided a very integrated chronology, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan – western Guizhou area. To investigate human migration and horse‐trading at these Yelang sites, we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites. The results indicated the following: (1) people at the earlier sites (Jigongshan and Hongyingpan) were all indigenous, whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery, there was a more immigrant population, and all the people who were buried in an upper limb flexed supine position were non‐local; and (2) most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances, probably related to the famous Dian (滇) and Zuo (筰) horses recorded in historical documents, providing more clues for further study on horse‐trading in South‐West China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.  相似文献   

    

K. L. Cheng  H. Shao  D. Zhao  B. T. Sun  J. Yu  Z. C. Sun  M. C. Li  L. Guo  H. Zhu  Q. C. Zhang  Y. H. Huang 《Archaeometry》2018,60(1):171-182

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.  相似文献   

    

J. F. CUI  Y. LEI  Z. B. JIN  B. L. HUANG  X. H. WU 《Archaeometry》2010,52(4):597-604

Through the use of MC–ICP–MS, this study analyses the lead isotope ratios of 19 Tang Sancai pottery glazes unearthed from the Gongyi and Huangbao kiln sites. According to their different lead isotope ratios, the two kilns can be grouped separately. The research also suggests that the Gongyi and Huangbao kilns are independent production centres of Tang Sancai in the Tang Dynasty. The data from the Huangbao kiln indicates that the lead in the glazes originates from the Northern China geochemical province, while the data from Gongyi kiln suggests its source as the Yangtze geochemical province. Furthermore, the results obtained for the Tang Sancai pottery indicate that the lead sources for glaze making of these two kilns were very consistent, which suggests that lead isotope analysis could be a helpful method to identify the kilns producing Tang Sancai artefacts.  相似文献   

    

Trevor Z. Yeow  Gregory A. MacRae  Vinod K. Sadashiva  Kazuhiko Kawashima 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(5):750-768

Symmetrically reinforced bridge columns with a horizontal cantilever in one direction, called C-bent columns, tend to deform predominantly in the direction of applied moment when subject to strong earthquake shaking. For this reason, the strength in the direction of applied moment is generally increased in design. This article describes the use of inelastic dynamic time history analyses with a suite of ground motion records to quantify the amount of strength increase required to minimize likely peak and permanent displacement demands. It is shown that the strength should be increased by approximately 2.3 times the applied moment in design.  相似文献   

    

X. Jordana  I. Galts  F. Busquets  A. Isidro  A. Malgosa 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2006,16(4):366-372

An archaeological case of clay‐shoveler's fracture was observed in an adult male exhumed from a Roman necropolis dated to the 1st–3rd century AD and located in the city of Barcelona, Spain. Clay‐shoveler's fracture is a breakage of a lower cervical or upper thoracic spinous process as a result of mechanical stress. Different mechanisms have been related to this injury, generally in labour‐related contexts. This paper reviews the literature concerning this uncommon finding, focusing especially on its mechanism and on activity‐related lesions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Thomas X. Schuhmacher 《Oxford Journal of Archaeology》2002,21(3):263-288

The present article examines the chronology of the various types of halberd in Europe with particular attention to those from the Iberian Peninsula. An older substrate of halberds is identified which originates in Ireland and Great Britain. From there the design of the Breaghwy type was distributed to the Continent, where the idea and the design were soon imitated in the form of the Rouans, Carrapatas and Variant 6 Continental types. The success of the idea of the halberd is explained by its high prestige character.  相似文献   

    

RICHARD A. GIBB  WIESLAW Z. MICHALAK 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》1994,85(5):401-416

East-Central Europe (Hungary, Czecho-Slovakia and Poland) has been undergoing an extraordinary transformation of its political and economic structures. The ultimate objective of the newly resurrected and still fragile democracies is re-integration with global economy and Western Europe in all spheres of political, economic and social life. However, the success of this process depends not only on the policies implemented in ECE but also on the response and policies of the West and member countries of the European Community. Despite the officially declared support for the reform process, the EC and its organizations have been slow to develop a coherent strategy towards this region. The lack of a long-term strategy is apparent not only in the political but also in the economic sphere. The emerging political cleavages within the EC are reflected in the ambiguous approach it has adopted towards ECE and Eastern Europe in general. This article aims to survey and evaluate the EC's policies and economic initiatives towards the three countries of ECE since 1989. In particular, attention is focused on the nature and likely impact of the Association Agreements with the EC, the role of newly created Community financial institutions and mechanisms, and direct foreign investment and assistance in the privatization programme. We conclude that the future political and economic stability of ECE and Western Europe depends, to a large degree, on the ability of the EC's political and economic institutions to respond to the long-term challenge posed by changes in ECE and other regions of the former ‘Eastern Europe’.  相似文献   

    

Daniel Z. Sui  Michael F. Goodchild 《The Canadian geographer》2003,47(1):5-17

The social implications of GIS have been debated over the past five years among scholars in several disciplines. GIS have been either conceived by practitioners as value‐free, neutral tools for problem‐solving or castigated by critical social theorists as socially biased technologies serving only corporate and state interests. Neither of these polarized views is very helpful in understanding the complex relationship between GIS and society. This paper argues that GIS are increasingly becoming media for communicating various crucial social and environmental information to the general public. By reconceptualizing GIS as media, the paper conducts a detailed tetradic analysis on the social implications of GIS using Marshall McLuhan's law of media. The analysis reveals the paradoxical and ambivalent nature of GIS technology. To make GIS fulfill democratic ideals in society, this paper calls for a shift of perspective, from viewing them as instruments for problem‐solving to viewing them as media for communication. This shift from instrumental to communicative rationality enables us to examine more critically and holistically how space, people and environment have been represented, manipulated and visualized in GIS and thus promotes a more critical and democratic GIS practice .  相似文献   

    

Adam Z. Rose  Benjamin H. Stevens 《Journal of regional science》1991,31(3):253-272

ABSTRACT. Nearly all regional input-output models have been constructed without a proper accounting of inflows and outflows of personal income and personal consumption expenditures. Typically invoked is a no cross-payments assumption, analogous to the no cross-hauling assumption for commodities. We present a new accounting framework based on the classification of flows according to the location of income generation, receipt, and spending, and argue that only flows endogenous in all three respects should be part of a closed regional I-O model. We use the framework to compute the upward bias in multipliers in a typical regional I-O model. We also present several methods for estimating transboundary flows.  相似文献   

    

W W Briggs  B Z Paulshock 《Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences》1986,41(4):463-481

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