DETECTING CHANGES OF CELTIC GOLD SOURCES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF TRACE ELEMENT AND Pb ISOTOPE LASER ABLATION ANALYSIS OF CELTIC GOLD COINS*

This project follows on from an initial study of Celtic gold coins from the Middle Rhine/Moselle region, which was based on material found at the Martberg, a Late Iron Age/Roman sanctuary and settlement (River Moselle, western Germany; Bendall 2003 ). The earlier work was expanded to encompass over 100 examples of various other regional Celtic gold coinages from the collection of the Römisch‐Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz. The alloy (Au–Ag–Cu) and trace element compositions (in particular Ni, Sb and Pt) were determined by EPMA and LA–ICP–MS, respectively, and their Pb isotope signatures were measured by LA–MC–ICP–MS. Of the 28 trace elements measured, only Ni, Sb and Pt were found to show meaningful variations and so only they are presented here. In particular, differences in the Pt/Au ratios between various groups of earlier coinage (imitations of Philippus and Alexander/Nike staters, Sch. 23 and some early Boian coins) on the one hand, and the majority of the Boian and the southern rainbow cup coinages on the other, indicate a significant difference in the gold sources exploited for these regional coinages. The Pb isotope data confirm previous conclusions that the contribution of gold to the total lead in the Au–Ag–Cu coin alloys can be detected, especially for coins with over 70% gold, and show that possible gold sources include both eastern Mediterranean and Alpine sources. Combining the Pb isotope data with the Pt/Au ratios allows the potential gold sources to be further differentiated.     

九连墩战国编钟形声复原研究

文物界修复编钟残件的传统方法是对编钟先矫形后胶接或钎焊,使用这种方法可以做到"形似",但无法获得良好的声音.为同时能获得良好的声音,通过对矫形定位、焊接方法、焊接材料、修复声弓等修复环节进行研究,采用激光焊接技术修复九连墩出土的破损双音编钟.修复结果表明,不仅复原了编钟的外观尺寸和形貌特征,而且在音频、音品方面恢复了双音编钟的乐钟特征,实现了破损双音编钟的形、声复原.研究成果可为古代金属乐器的形、声复原提供了一套全新的技术路线和工艺流程.     

六朝文化研究刍议

南方六朝即孙吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈,具有一贯性相共通的特点,适合作为一个研究单元。当此六朝文化研讨及其开发应用越来越得到学界重视、政府支持、社会关心乃至引起地域文化资源争夺[1]的今天,我们有必要立足于宏观的层面,厘清相关概念,明确时代特征与文化面貌,更新认识、追求创新,这是六朝文化研究进一步深入的前提。     

现代技术与文博工作者的主体性——试论数字博物馆建设中“人”的作用

在人类各个技术发展阶段,技术与人的主体性之间互相消长,在数字博物馆建设中,文博工作容易出现傻瓜化倾向。为此,数字博物馆的建设应是文化创意的过程,在使用现代设备、系统、工作流程的同时,文博工作者要发挥自身的主体作用。     

徐一夔名号与被斩偏解辨正

天台徐一夔是元末明初的知名学者,一生以教书育人为业,是杭州府学声望卓著的教授。徐一夔传世的名字,是其官名,非其谱名,谱名已经轶失;近年研究徐一夔者或以始丰为其号,其实只是表示其乡里籍贯。稗史载徐一夔上表触怒朱元璋被斩,实系未成事实而被偏解作事实所致,系文人猎奇与发泄心理使然。     

海岱地区商周腰坑葬俗再检视

海岱地区腰坑葬俗并未随着商王朝的覆灭而走向衰亡,反而在东周时期进入又一兴盛期.海岱地区不同区域腰坑葬俗的传播有早晚之别,并存在不同的区域波动.各区域内腰坑墓腰坑形制及墓向的选择,其背后蕴含着不同人群的丧葬文化传统.腰坑置器葬俗最早出现于商末的鲁北地区,随后在胶东和鲁北地区先后盛行,并存在区域间的相互影响.     

Investments in Scientific Research: Examining the Funding Threshold Effects on Scientific Collaboration and Variation by Academic Discipline

This paper seeks to examine how federal financial support of academic scientists shapes their collaborative behavior. More specifically, it investigates two questions: (i) are there threshold sizes of federal grants that have effects on collaboration? and (ii) do the threshold sizes differ by discipline? To test and model these questions, this paper uses data collected in a 2004–2005 survey by the Research Valuing Mapping Project (a project based at Georgia Tech and led by Barry Bozeman) of 2,086 academically based research scientists and engineers. The analysis in this paper reaffirms the positive relationship between federal funding and collaboration seen in previous works, but the findings suggest that there is in fact a threshold effect—as the positive relationship has a diminishing influence. The findings of this paper are more limited with respect to how academic disciplines’ threshold levels differ. The results indicate a difference in the threshold levels between disciplines for three of the eight models.     

SELECTION AND HEATING OF COLOURING MATERIALS IN THE MOUSTERIAN LEVEL OF ES‐SKHUL (c. 100 000 YEARS BP,MOUNT CARMEL,ISRAEL)

The transformation of yellow goethite into red hematite by heating has long been assumed for Palaeolithic red artefacts excavated close to fireplaces. However, this transformation is extremely rare. Using SEM–FEG–EDX, PIXE–PIGE, TEM and μXRD, we characterized the mineralogical and chemical compositions of four microsamples of colouring materials from the Mousterian layer B in the es‐Skhul rock‐shelter, from about 100 kya ago. For some colouring materials, the Mousterian people of es‐Skhul chose to gather remote yellow lumps for heating. Their significant transport distance provides evidence of the possible high cultural value of these colouring materials for transformation into red pigments.     

地缘安全视角下国家边界的“三重功能”及其优化组合

国家边界长期以来都是政治地理学研究中的突出主题。冷战结束后,东亚地区涌现大量毗邻国家之间的次区域合作,同时非传统边境安全异常突起。为此,国家边界由单一的维护传统边境安全的功能转变为同时维护传统边境安全、促进次区域经济合作及保障非传统边境安全的三重功能。这三者之间存在很强的内在联系,且相互之间在一定的条件下能够转化。在分析三者之间的内在联系的基础上,我们提出了形成梯级决策模式、合理定量化评估及建立多主体、多层次的协调机构来优化组合国家边界的"三重功能"的优化思路。